This experimental study probed the effectiveness of three kinds of objects (videos, theories, metaphors) as common reference points for conversations between online learners. Outcome measures were learners’ levels of tacit-knowledge (TK) of specific concepts related to their practice (teaching). Learners’ level of detail-focus was examined as a mediating variable. Results showed a positive effe...

Theories and computational models of natural language understanding that handle idioms generally circumvent the question of novel modifications to idioms. Yet such variations are prevalent in the media. This paper addresses the perhaps most challenging type of idiom variation, i.e., variation of decomposable idioms through nontrivial metaphoric modifications in the source domain, i.e., the doma...

Hitherto, theories of similarity have restricted themselves to judgments of what might be called literal similarity. A central thesis of this article is that a complete account of similarity needs also to be sensitive to nonliteralness, or metaphoricity, an aspect of similarity statements that is most evident in similes but that actually underlies metaphorical language in general. Theoretical a...

We are interested in exploring representation change in mathematics; work by [5] suggests that the structure of metaphor plays an important cognitive role in the development of mathematical theories. In their work, metaphor is taken to involve “grounded, inferencepreserving cross-domain mappings” [5, p 6]. One way to think about such mappings builds on work by Goguen [2, 1], who proposed relate...

One of the elements in Persian poetry and sonnets (Ghazal) is penname, which in addition to marking poetry in the name of the poet, sometimes has an amphiboly to another means; but in the poetry of poets such as Hafez - which have a special and coherent intellectual system - in the form of a main metaphor or central metaphor, penname is involved in determining their intellectual system. In this...

According to contemporary theories of cognition, the process of metaphorical interpretation is conceived of as a 'mapping' from a source domain to a target domain. The author of this paper believes, in contrast, that this process of mapping does not take place in a vacuum, but rather is influenced by both agentive and contextual factors. By the agentive factors of metaphorical cognition, she re...

language is the mind device to develop human’sperception from world and metaphor is the mind tool to extend the language, so poets and artists utilize metaphorsto extend language and consequently mind’sperception of reality. as we know in movement from modern to postmodern era everything including art and culture encountered a variety of changes and one of these changes was emergence of metapho...

What I wish to argue firstly in this paper is the hypertext is really an information metaphor, a way of conceiving information. Hypertext belongs to a family of prescriptive information theories. It dictates that information should be constructed in a particular manner. The basic supposition of hypertext is that “everything is intertwingled” and should consequently be linked together to show th...

despite the passage of 9 centuries of elaborative metaphor mentioning in persian rhetoric, the antecedents’ sayings already look repetitive and it is considered as one of metaphor tools in the most up-to-date points of view. criticizing the reports of experts and analyzing 13 different structures, a new research has been carried out in present essay. it finally ends with its aesthetic applicati...

CSCL research is often closely connected to dialogic theories of learning and human cognition with an emphasis on shared meaning making. Without neglecting this viewpoint we give reasons for an alternative framework. We call this alternative a “trialogical” approach; it emphasizes joint and organized work with artefacts and practices as a basis for collaborative learning. The paper explains the...