Although detailed scientific studies on starvation physiology have been conducted since the ninteenth century, there is little uniformity in the terminology used to describe it. The term ‘‘fast’’ usually applies at the end of the postprandial period (basal or postabsorptive state). In this state, however, the digestive tract may still possess nutrients that can still be absorbed. This review wi...

obesity with an increasing prevalence rate worldwide is correlated with multiple comorbidities. unfortunately, the currently available therapies such as the pharmacotherapy, bariatric surgery or gene-transfer technology are associated with a number of disadvantages including undesirable side effects, poor compliance or transient effectiveness. therefore, modifications of the lifestyle factors m...

sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressive agent administered as prophylactic agent to prevent rejection after organ transplantation. sirolimus must be used within a narrow therapeutic window. due to inter- and intra-variability, sirolimus blood concentrations may be affected, therefore, there is no possibility of predicting the sirolimus blood concentrations based on the dose patients received. t...

the aim of this study was to assess public knowledge about the effects of ramadan fasting on various aspects of health and its association with fasting decision-making. this cross-sectional study was conducted on 600 subjects. the association between fasting and participants’ knowledge and attitudes toward ramadan fasting, anthropometric measurements, physical activity, depression, anxiety, str...

fecal microbiota transplant (fmt) research trials are growing in diverse intestinal and extraintestinal conditions that are thought to be either caused or correlated with gut microbiota dysbiosis. although, the mechanism by which the microbiota results in disease initiation or progression is not fully understood, it is speculated that restoring the symbiosis by fmt could have therapeutic benefits.

conclusion superselective tae for lgi bleeding has a high success and low complication rate. there are no statistical correlations between the clinical success rate and several variables, including embolic material, embolization site, and anticoagulant or antiplatelet medication. patients and methods fifty-two patients who underwent superselective tae for lgi bleeding between 2003 and 2011 were...

discussion splenic artery aneurysm is a very uncommon cause of page kidney and to our knowledge, it was the first case of its kind ever reported in the literature. introduction the page kidney is a rare phenomenon that refers to hypertension resulting from any external compression of a kidney by a hematoma, tumor, lymphocele, or urinoma. the activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone syste...

Fasting is known as a migraine trigger for migraine. We aimed to study the impact of fasting The Holy month Ramadan on episodic

abstract introduction: liposuction is a surgical procedure effective in reducing body fat, with growing application in conjunction with diet and exercise therapy in the treatment of obesity. in view of the positive effect of weight reduction on cardiovascular disease (cvd) risk factors, such as body mass index (bmi), waist circumference (wc), waist-to-hip ratio (whr), systolic and diastolic pre...