Recent studies have shown that shockwave heating and millisecond boiling in high-intensity focused ultrasound fields can result in mechanical fractionation or emulsification of tissue, termed boiling histotripsy. Visual observations of the change in color and contents indicated that the degree of thermal damage in the emulsified lesions can be controlled by varying the parameters of the exposur...

Recently there has been considerable interest in field theories and string theories with large extra spacetime dimensions. In this paper, we explore the role of such extra dimensions for cosmology, focusing on cosmological phase transitions in field theory and the Hagedorn transition and radius stabilization in string theory. In each case, we find that significant distinctions emerge from the u...

Fig. 1. CT angiogram of the chest shows large encysted vascular lesion communicating with rt. pulmonary artery: (A) transverse section at the level of pulmonary artery shows a large feeding vessel* (1.6 cm); (B) transverse section at the level of lt. atrium, receiving a large drainage vein** measuring 1.8 cm in diameter; (C) 3D sections through the chest show dimensions of the lesion occupying ...

The general form of the Stefan-Boltzmann law for the energy density of black-body radiation is generalized to a spacetime with extra dimensions using standard kinetic and thermodynamic arguments. From statistical mechanics one obtains an exact formula. In a field-theoretic derivation, the Maxwell field must be quantized. The notion of electric and magnetic fields is different in spacetimes with...

A 30-year-old female reported sporadic paresthesia and tremors in the left hand, hemiface, and hemibody. MRI showed a lesion in the left pontomesencephalic junction (Figure 1), with brushlike enhancement after gadolinium administration, well depicted with maximum intensity projection (MIP) technique (Figure 2). Despite its unusually large dimensions, the lesion was diagnosed as a capillary tela...

To study the neuropathic pain mechanism, various behavioral responses of animals in to different neuropathic models were considered. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 230-280 g were used. Anesthesia was initially induced with pentobarbital I.P. (50 mg/kg). These models included (1): chronic constriction injury (CCI) by loose ligation of the sciatic nerve (2) Spared nerve injury (SNI) by a...

Copper-Graphite laminate material design has been analysed, and this proposed composite has the ability to enhance heat dispersing more efficiently compared to the traditional high thermal conductivity with weight associated copper and high thermal resistance graphite. A finite element analysis (FEA) is carried out using the material (Cu – Gr) properties to investigate this proof. The design, t...

The radiofrequency ablation (RFA) lesion size is posited to be disproportionate to the total delivered energy, and temperature-time integration (TTI) may have a more critical effect on lesion size. The present study aimed to evaluate this hypothesis by determining the temperature threshold and temperature distribution over tissues during the RFA lesioning process. Using an ex vivo chicken tissu...