Carbon fiber reinforced polymer materials (CFRP) cause CFRP to bend or fail when subjected external loads impacts. In the case of static three-point bending, using conductive properties carbon inside CFRP, overall damage detection and failure prediction can be carried out by electromagnetic methods. The eddy current coil is used realize real-time monitoring damage, measured voltage value mapped...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the mechanical properties of the Polyaxial Advanced Locking System (PAX) in screw push-out and four-point bending. MATERIALS AND METHODS Screw push-out: PAX locking screws were applied to first generation PAX plates at three different insertion angles with two different insertion torques. A load was applied parallel to the screw axis, and screw push-out force was measure...

where M is the bending moment, F is the force applied, and D is the distance from the point of force application to the axis of rotation (moment arm length). This is perhaps best depicted in Figure 11.1. Using this equation, one can determine the bending moment applied in any given clinical circumstance. The bending moment has substantial clinical significance. The application of a bending mome...