Limited energy consumption in multimedia requires very low power circuits. In this paper we focused on leakage current minimization in single static random access memory (SRAM) cell in 90nm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. The leakage current mainly consists of sub threshold leakage current and gate leakage current in 90nm CMOS technology. So minimizing the sub thresho...

Spike-frequency adaptation is a prominent aspect of neuronal dynamics that shapes a neuron's signal processing properties on timescales ranging from about 10 ms to >1 s. For integrate-and-fire model neurons spike-frequency adaptation is incorporated either as an adaptation current or as a dynamic firing threshold. Whether a physiologically observed adaptation mechanism should be modeled as an a...

Voltage-activated high- and low-threshold Ca2+ currents were studied using whole-cell voltage-clamp techniques and fura-2 fluorescence measurements of intracellular Ca2+ in neurons acutely isolated from rat neostriatum. High-threshold Ca2+ currents activated around -40 mV and were present in at least 95% of neostriatal neurons. The maximum current, 736 +/- 44 pA (mean +/- SEM, n = 141), was obs...

this paper deals with the threshold radius that warrants the use of single restraining rail for transit and railroads. different railways use different threshold radius from 91m to 365m to provide restraining rail. these threshold figures are probably experience driven choices. the need for restraining rail may be related to a so-called derailment alarm coefficient of 1.2 sustained over 2m leng...

introduction: the ionic currents show nonlinear behavior and electrical stimuli can influence their activation and inactivation kinetics. the time constant of depolarizing or hyperpolarizing current pulses has an important role in the firing behavior of neurons. in the present study, the effects of quasitrpezoidal command potentials on l-type calcium channel of somata of f1 neuron in helix aspe...

A neuron-MOS transistor (νMOS) is applied to current-mode multi-valued logic (MVL) circuits. First, a novel low-voltage and low-power νMOS current mirror is presented. Then, a threshold detector and a quaternary T-gate using the proposed νMOS current mirrors are proposed. The minimum output voltage of the νMOS current mirror is decreased by VT (threshold voltage), compared with the conventional...

introduction: occupational exposure to excessive noise is commonly encountered in a large number of industries in iran. this study evaluated the hearing threshold and hearing loss in meybod tile factory workers. methods: this cross-sectional study included 371 tile factoryworkers during summer and autumn of 2005. current noise exposure was estimated using sound level meter .a specially formatte...

BACKGROUND Based on the necessity to confirm the epiradicular catheter misplacement, epiradicular threshold current for the confirmation of catheter tip localization is required. METHODS Thirty-four adult patients with low extremity radiating pain were to receive epiradicular catheterization at the lumbosacral level. The epidural space was accessed percutaneously in cranial to caudal directio...

We show that even in quantum-dot (QD) lasers with very low threshold current densities (Jth = 40–50 A/cm at 300 K), the temperature sensitivity of the threshold current arises from nonradiative recombination that comprises ∼60% to 70% of Jth at 300 K, whereas the radiative part of Jth is almost temperature insensitive. The influence of the nonradiative recombination mechanism decreases with inc...