The Plasmodium falciparum genome is equipped with several subtelomeric gene families that are implicated in parasite virulence and immune evasion. Members of these families are uniformly positioned within heterochromatic domains and are thus subject to variegated expression. The best-studied example is that of the var family encoding the major parasite virulence factor P. falciparum erythrocyte...

Sequestration and antigenic variation are essential for Plasmodium falciparum survival in vivo contributing to severe pathologic findings and, also, chronic infection. Both are conferred by P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane proteins encoded by ~60 var genes. To study the dynamics of var gene expression, we conducted a 4-month longitudinal study of semi-immune children from Papua New Guinea. By...

Thymus is a bilobed organ usually situated in the superior mediastinum. Thymus is normally active until puberty and as age advances it undergoes considerable fibrofatty degeneration and is replaced by fatty tissue. We found a persistent thymus in an adult male cadaver aged 70 years approximately. It apparently looked healthy. Hence the objective of this study was to know the morpho-histology of...

In this paper, following the generalization of Delta Normal VaR to Delta Mixture Elliptic VaR in Sadefo-Kamdem [3], we give and explicit formula to estimate linear VaR and ES when the risk factors changes with the mixture of t-Student distributions. In particular, we give rise to Delta-Mixture-Student VaR and the Delta-Mixture-Elliptic ES.

In wave chaotic scattering, statistical fluctuations of the scattering matrix S and the impedance matrix Z depend both on universal properties and on nonuniversal details of how the scatterer is coupled to external channels. This paper considers the impedance and scattering variance ratios, Xi(z) and Xi(s), where Xi(z) = Var[Z(ij)]/{Var[Z(ii)]Var[Z(jj)]}1/2, Xi(s) = Var[S(ij)]/{Var[S(ii)]Var[S(...

The antimicrobial activity of three different extracts (hexanic, ethyl acetate, methanol) obtained from Brazilian Drosera species (D. communis, D. montana var. montana, D. brevifolia, D. villosa var. graomogolensis, D. villosa var. villosa, Drosera sp. 1, and Drosera sp. 2 ) were tested against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Enterococcus faecium (ATCC23212), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC278...

For a given variety Var of algebras we define the variety Var of dialgebras. This construction turns to be closely related with varieties of pseudo-algebras: every Var-dialgebra can be embedded into an appropriate pseudo-algebra of the variety Var. In particular, Leibniz algebras are exactly Lie dialgebras, and every Leibniz algebra can be embedded into current Lie conformal algebra.

The essential oil of the leaves of P. racemosa var. terebinthina and P. racemosa var. grisea were examined by GC and GC/MS. The major constituents were alpha-terpineol acetate (27%), alpha-terpineol (20%) and 4-methoxy eugenol (12.6%) for Pracemosa var. terebinthina and 4-methoxy-isoeugenol (75.2%) and 4-methoxy-eugenol (4.5%) for P. racemosa var. grisea.

In this paper, following the generalization of Delta Normal VaR to Delta Mixture Elliptic VaR in Sadefo-Kamdem [3], we give and explicit formula to estimate linear VaR and ES when the risk factors changes with the mixture of t-Student distributions. In particular, we give rise to Delta-Mixture-Student VaR and the Delta-Mixture-Elliptic ES.

The ability of phytopathogenic fungi to overcome the chemical defense barriers of their host plants is of great importance for fungal pathogenicity. We studied the role of cyclic hydroxamic acids and their related benzoxazolinones in plant interactions with pathogenic fungi. We identified species-dependent differences in the abilities of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, Gaeumannomyces gram...