Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is the most prevalent autoimmune thyroid disorder. Intrathyroidal lymphocytic infiltration is followed by a gradual destruction of the thyroid gland which may lead to subclinical or overt hypothyroidism. Biochemical markers of the disease are thyroid peroxidase and/or thyroglobulin autoantibodies in the serum which are present with a higher prevalence in females tha...

Iodide transport defect is a disorder characterized by an inability of the thyroid to maintain an iodide concentration difference between the plasma and the thyroid. The recent cloning of the sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) gene enabled us to characterize the NIS gene in this disorder. We identified a homozygous missense mutation of A-->C at nucleotide +1060 in NIS complementary DNA in a male pat...

Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO), or thyroid eye disease, is a complex inflammatory disorder of the eye that, as its name implies, is associated with thyroid disease. TAO can be divided into three subtypes: ocular myopathy, congestive myopathy and mixed congestive and myopathic ophthalmopathy. Although the precise pathophysiology of TAO remains unclear it is likely to reflect an autoimmu...

BACKGROUND It has recently become evident that circulating thyroid antibodies are found in excess among patients suffering from mood disorders. Moreover, a manic episode associated with Hashimoto's thyroiditis has recently been reported as the first case of bipolar disorder due to Hashimoto's encephalopathy. We report a case in which Hashimoto's thyroiditis was suspected to be involved in the d...

nomously functioning thyroid nodule 505 InTROduCTIOn Diagnostic procedures for thyroid disorder include bio chemical evaluation: measurement of serum thyrotropin (TSH), free thyroid hormone (free thyroxine [FT4], free triiodothyronine [FT3]) and thyroid antibody levels, as well as imaging including ultrasonography (USG) and thyroid scan. In some cases fine needle aspiration bio psy (FNAB) shoul...

Thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy can result in serious complications for both the mother and infant; however, these complications can be prevented by optimal treatment of maternal overt thyroid dysfunction. Although several studies have demonstrated that maternal subclinical hypothyroidism is associated with obstetric complications and neurocognitive impairments in offspring, there is limit...

Hypothyroidism was the first endocrine disorder treated by replacement with the deficient hormone, in the form of extracts of animal thyroid glands. Subsequently, the development of purified thyroid hormone preparations and greater understanding of thyroid physiology have made it possible to mimic the function of the normal thyroid gland with thyroid hormone replacement therapy. Thyroid hormone...

abstract background & aim: recent increase of hormonal disorders in human may be correlated to the increased exposure to electromagnetic fields produced by various instruments, including cell phones. thyroid gland is one of the organs most likely to be exposed to cell phone radiation. whereas garlic is known as reducing risk factors for various diseases. the aim of this study is to assess the a...

Thyroid hormone (T3) resistance is inherited in most cases in an autosomal dominant manner. The disorder is characterized by elevated free thyroid hormone levels and partial resistance to thyroid hormone at the cellular level. Distinct single amino acid substitutions in the ligand binding domain of the beta form of the thyroid hormone receptor have been described in two kindreds with this disor...

Background: Thyroid disorders are among the most common endocrine in world. dysfunction can disrupt a variety of metabolic and physiological processes, including menstrual cycle. The purpose this study was to discover pattern thyroid women with disorders. Methods: It is cross-sectional that includes 116 women. With reproductive age disorder. tested who had problems. Serum free triiodothyronine ...