We have conducted large-eddy simulations (LES) of the atmospheric boundary layer with surface heat Rux variations on a spatial scale comparable to the boundary layer depth. We first ran a simulation with a horizontally homogeneous heat flux. In general the results are similar to those of previous large-eddy simulations. The model simulates a field of convective eddies having approximately the c...

An available bit rate (ABR) service allows applications to access a time-varying network capacity. In a basic ABR service, the available network capacity is divided \fairly" amongst active connections, without regard to the utility that each application derives from the bandwidth allocation. The goal of this paper is to improve both the global and individual utility obtained by applications usi...

Diffusive heat flux at the soil surface is commonly determined as a mean value over a time period using heat flux plates buried at some depth (e.g., 5–8 cm) below the surface with a correction to surface flux based on the change in heat storage during the corresponding time period in the soil layer above the plates. The change in heat storage is based on the soil temperature change in the layer...

Actual evapotranspiration is assessed via surface energy balance at an hourly rate. However, a robust estimation of daily evapotranspiration from hourly values is required. Outcomes of surface energy balance are frequently determined via measures of eddy covariance latent heat flux. Surface energy balance can be applied on images acquired at different times and spatial resolutions. In addition,...

We present measurements of the instantaneous local heat flux in highly turbulent Rayleigh–Bénard (RB) convection in air (Pr = 0.7) for aspect ratios in the range 1.136 0 6 9.00 and for Rayleigh numbers in the range 1.3× 109 6 Ra 6 9.6× 1011. The measurements have been carried out simultaneously at the surfaces of the heating and the cooling plate using a commercial sensor whose diameter is 360 ...

Recent magnetic studies of Mars suggest hat (1) it possessed a periodically reversing magnetic field for the first -• 500 Myr of its existence and (2) plate tectonics may have been operating during this time. On Earth the geodynamo is thought to occur because of convection in the outer core. This paper estimates the amount of heat the Martian core can conduct in the absence of convection. It us...

In this paper, we discuss observations of temperature variability in the tidal portion of the San Joaquin River in California. The San Joaquin River makes up the southern portion of the Sacramento San Joaquin Delta, the eastern end of San Francisco Bay. Observations made in August 2004 and August 2005 show significant diurnal variations in temperature in response to surface heat exchange. Howev...

We use polarity reversal systematics from numerical dynamos to quantify the hypothesis that the modulation of geomagnetic reversal frequency, including geomagnetic superchrons, results from changes in core heat flux related to growth and partial collapse of the two seismically-imaged lower mantle superplumes. We parameterize the reversal frequency sensitivity from numerical dynamos in terms of ...