It is essential to generate multi-resolution Triangulated Irregular Network (TIN) models dynamically and efficiently in three-dimensional (3D) visualization, virtual reality, and geographic information systems (GIS), because the data that needs to be processed is multiple in scale and large in volume. This paper proposes a new method, which extends the edge collapse and vertex split algorithms,...

BACKGROUND IgG4-related disease is a multi-organ disorder characterized by a high level of serum IgG4 and dense infiltration of IgG4-positive cells into affected organs. In routine studies, however, IgG subclasses are not estimated. In the present study, we attempted to clarify the light-microscopic characteristics of IgG4-related tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN) to facilitate distinction fro...

Platinum is known as a catalyst with exceptional reactivity for many important reactions, e.g. the oxygen reduction reaction. To reduce the high cost of pure platinum catalysts, platinum on a carbon support is widely used in industrial fuel cell applications. However, these Pt/C systems suffer from poor stability. As a cost-efficient and more durable alternative, Pt single-atom catalysts on a T...

The failure mechanism was determined to be tin whiskers emanating from the tin plating on the internal pins. The high conductivity, pure tin crystalline whiskers bridged the 10-mil spark gap to cause the test failures. The fusing current of the whiskers was in the range of the source current of the test equipment. This caused inconsistencies during problem identification and verification at the...

A BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE OF THE ANNUAL QUALITY AND RESOURCE USE REPORTS ........................................................................................................................................ 1 B EXHIBITS INCLUDED IN THE ANNUAL QUALITY AND RESOURCE USE REPORTS ............... 2 Your TIN’s 2017 Value Modifier .........................................................................

PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a systemic fibroinflammatory disorder affecting nearly all organs, including the kidney. Tubulointerstitial nephritis (IgG4-TIN) is the most common form of IgG4-related kidney disease (IgG4-RKD) and is the focus of this concise review. OBJECTIVE The study aims to describe when IgG4-TIN should be suspected and to summarize th...

Two secreted signaling molecules, wingless (wg) and decapentaplegic (dpp), are required to specify the heart in Drosophila. wg and dpp are also required to specify other cell types within the mesoderm and in many other regions of the embryo. Because the spatial patterns of wg and dpp are dynamic, different populations of mesodermal cells are exposed to different combinations of wg and/or dpp at...