Human death receptors (TNFR1, FAS, DR3, DR4, DR5, DR6 and TNFBR), primarily from tumor necrosis receptor super family, play an essential role in the process of the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis. We performed conserved domain, amino acid residues analysis in which cysteine residues were found to be highly conserved for all the family members. Sixteen (16) highly conserved residues were observed...

Inhibition of LIGHT (a cellular ligand for herpes virus entry mediator and lymphotoxin receptor)/herpes simplex virus entry mediator (HVEM) and LIGHT/lymphotoxin beta receptor (LT beta R) interactions decreases mortality in MHC class I and II disparate graft-vs-host disease (GVHD). The present studies assessed the effects of these interactions on the generation of CD4+ T cell alloresponses in M...

Decoy receptor 3 (DcR3) is a novel member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, which binds to and blocks the activities of the ligands, FasL and LIGHT (a cellular ligand for herpes virus entry mediator and lymphotoxin receptor), that play an important role in regulating apoptosis in normal physiology. DcR3 was rapidly degraded to a major circulating metabolic fragment, DcR3(1-218)...

The aim of this work was to explore the microRNA profile and the effect of microRNA-155 on apoptosis in the spleen of selenium-deficient broilers. We replicated the splenic-apoptotic model in selenium-deficient broilers. In vitro, microRNA-155 oligonucleotides were transfected into lymphocytes and subsequently treated with H2O2. We observed that selenium deficiency altered the microRNA profile ...

TNF family members and their receptors contribute to increased gene expression for inflammatory processes and intracellular cascades leading to programmed cell death, both via activation of NF-kappaB. TNF receptor (TNFR)-associated factors (TRAFs) are cytoplasmic adaptor proteins binding to various receptors of the TNFR family. In an attempt to delineate the role of individual TRAFs, we compare...

TNF is an important cytokine and acts as mediator of inflammatory tissue damage which is caused by immunologically mediated processes. TNF provides its effects via two signalling pathways using its two receptors, TNFR1 and TNFR2. In 2005 Vielhauer et al. revealed that TNFR2 plays an important role in the development of glomerulonephritis, which is one of the most important causes for renal fail...

THE REGULATORY CYTOKINE TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR (TNF) EXERTS ITS EFFECTS THROUGH TWO RECEPTORS: TNFR1 and TNFR2. Defects in TNFR2 signaling are evident in a variety of autoimmune diseases. One new treatment strategy for autoimmune disease is selective destruction of autoreactive T cells by administration of TNF, TNF inducers, or TNFR2 agonism. A related strategy is to rely on TNFR2 agonism to ind...

Ligands of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily (TNFSF) (4-1BBL, APRIL, BAFF, CD27L, CD30L, CD40L, EDA1, EDA2, FasL, GITRL, LIGHT, lymphotoxin alpha, lymphotoxin alphabeta, OX40L, RANKL, TL1A, TNF, TWEAK, and TRAIL) bind members of the TNF receptor superfamily (TNFRSF). A comprehensive survey of ligand-receptor interactions was performed using a flow cytometry-based assay. All ligands engaged ...

Host anti-viral innate immunity plays important roles in the defense against HSV-1 infection. In this study, we find an unexpected role for innate LT/LIGHT signaling in promoting HSV-1 replication and virus induced inflammation in immunocompromised mice. Using a model of footpad HSV-1 infection in Rag1(-/-) mice, we observed that blocking LT/LIGHT signaling with LTβR-Ig could significantly dela...

Human autoimmune (AI) diseases are difficult to treat, because immunosuppressive drugs are nonspecific, produce high levels of adverse effects, and are not based on mechanistic understanding of disease. Destroying the rare autoreactive T lymphocytes causing AI diseases would improve treatment. In animal models, TNF selectively kills autoreactive T cells, thereby hampering disease onset or progr...