Immature dendritic cells (DC) represent potential clinical tools for tolerogenic cellular immunotherapy in both transplantation and autoimmunity. A major drawback in vivo is their potential to mature during infections or inflammation, which would convert their tolerogenicity into immunogenicity. The generation of immature DC from human bone marrow (BM) by low doses of GM-CSF (lowGM) in the abse...

While emerging evidence indicates that dendritic cells (DC) play a central role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), their modulation with immunoregulatory agents provides prospect as disease-modifying therapy. Our observations reveal that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) treatment of monocyte-derived DC results in a semimature phenotype and anti-inflammatory cytokine profile a...

1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1,25(OH)(2)D(3)) is a secosteroid hormone that renders dendritic cells (DCs) tolerogenic, favoring the induction of regulatory T cells. Induction of DCs with tolerogenic properties by 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) is associated with increased selective expression of immunoglobulin-like transcript 3 (ILT3), suggesting its involvement in the immunoregulatory properties of this hormo...

An emerging concept is that different types of dendritic cells (DCs) initiate different immune outcomes, such as tolerance vs inflammation. In this study, we have characterized the DCs from the lung draining lymph nodes of mice immunized for allergic airway inflammation or tolerance and examined their interactions with CD4(+) T cells. The DC population derived from tolerized mice was predominan...

The expression of various cell surface molecules and the production of certain cytokines are important mechanisms by which dendritic cells (DC) are able to bias immune responses. This paper describes the effects of the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α on DC phenotype and function. TNF-α treatment resulted in upregulation of MHC class II and CD86 in the absence of increased ce...

Achieving immunological tolerance in transplantation has been a long sought-after goal since the 1960s. It is, therefore, interesting that the dendritic cells (DC), which are classically known as the most potent stimulators of T cell activation, are now also considered putative tools for tolerance induction. In line with this, much work has been performed using DC for vaccination and immune sti...

The default response of the intestinal immune system to most antigens is the induction of immunological tolerance, which is difficult to reconcile with the constant exposure to ligands for TLR and other pattern recognition receptors. We showed previously that dendritic cells (DC) from the lamina propria of normal mouse intestine may be inherently tolerogenic and here we have explored how this m...

Dendritic cells (DCs) play a crucial role in launching protective adaptive immunity against pathogens while maintaining immune tolerance to self-Ags. However, how intracellular signaling pathways program DCs to mediate tolerogenic responses remains largely unexplored. In this study, we describe that p38α signaling in CD103(+) mesenteric lymph node DCs reciprocally regulates the differentiation ...

1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) is a secosteroid hormone that renders dendritic cells (DCs) tolerogenic, favoring the induction of regulatory T cells. Induction of DCs with tolerogenic properties by 1,25(OH)2D3 is associated with increased selective expression of immunoglobulinlike transcript3 (ILT3),suggesting its involvement in the immunoregulatory properties of this hormone. Here we s...