background bleaching of traumatized discolored teeth is considered an important issue in esthetic dentistry. various methods have been introduced for bleaching, some of which may have adverse effects on soft or hard tissues of the tooth. objectives the objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of ktp laser bleaching on enamel of traumatized teeth. materials and methods a square of 36 m...

INTRODUCTION The finite element method (FEM) is an engineering resource applied to calculate the stress and deformation of complex structures, and has been widely used in orthodontic research. With the advantage of being a non-invasive and accurate method that provides quantitative and detailed data on the physiological reactions possible to occur in tissues, applying the FEM can anticipate the...

The tongue of the C. stelleri is provided with numerous rows of highly mineralized teeth composed of a soft organic chitin matrix and hard magnetite rods. The shell of the tooth is characterized with the highest modulus and hardness of any known biomineral. Similar to other biological materials (i.e., nacre and conch), the tooth is provided with mineral bridges, nanoscale asperities and roughne...

Frontier-based exploration is the most common approach to exploration, a fundamental problem in robotics. In frontierbased exploration, robots explore by repeatedly detecting (and moving towards) frontiers, the segments which separate the known regions from those unknown. A frontier detection sub-process examines map and/or sensor readings to identify frontiers for exploration. However, most fr...

In this work, we extend a previously demonstrated entropy based groupwise registration method to include a free-form deformation model based on B-splines. We provide an efficient implementation using stochastic gradient descents in a multi-resolution setting. We demonstrate the method in application to a set of 50 MRI brain scans and compare the results to a pairwise approach using segmentation...

It has been recently discovered by Bell, Heinle and Levandovskyy that a large class of algebras, including the ubiquitous G-algebras, are finite factorization domains (FFD for short). Utilizing this result, we contribute an algorithm to find all distinct factorizations of a given element f ∈ G, where G is any G-algebra, with minor assumptions on the underlying field. Moreover, the property of b...

Diverse morphological tooth deformities are found in various shapes, textures, and prevalence. They can be sporadic or syndromes, nutritional, environmental, genetic, and ethnic related. Most of these tooth-born (ie, patient born with the deformation) deformations (eg, shovel-shaped incisors, tuberculum Carabelli, variations in number and shape of cusps, dens invaginatus, taurodontism) have bee...

In this work we studied some of the main effects of the bone tissue behaves in different ways according to dry or humid conditions. This research intended to evaluate stress transmission in dog mandibles, through holographic interferometric double exposition method, in such conditions: fresh, formalin fixed and macerated [4]. The analysis made about fringes patterns on the surface of jaw and de...

The mechanical strength of the periodontal ligament (PDL) was first measured as force required to extract a tooth from its socket using human specimens. Thereafter, tooth-PDL-bone preparations have extensively been used for measurement of the mechanical response of the PDL. In vitro treatments of such specimens with specific enzymes allowed one to investigate into the roles of the structural co...