The flavonoid pigment pathway in plants has been used as a model system for studying gene regulatory mechanisms. C2-Idf is a stable dominant mutation of the chalcone synthase gene, c2, which encodes the first dedicated enzyme in this biosynthetic pathway of maize. Homozygous C2-Idf plants show no pigmentation. This allele also inhibits expression of functional C2 alleles in heterozygotes, produ...

We are interested in mapping Operational Architectures to Command and Control and Software Architectures. In his poignant paper, Dekker 1 proposed a “Taxonomy of Architectures” which provides an interesting spectrum of network centric operational configurations. The goal of this paper is to answer the following question: given the variety of architecture models presented by Dekker, what command...

SAS-065 was originally mandated by NATO-RTO-SAS1 to develop a generic conceptual model for assessing the evolving “maturity” of NATO’s command and control system.2 The mandate’s context was NATO’s force transformation initiative to improve the Network Enabled Capability (NEC) of NATO’s forces with gradual improvement from the capacity for de-conflicted operations, as prevailed during the Cold W...

Information age organizations must effectively utilize new communications capabilities to gain an advantage over their competition. Command and Control (C2) research has demonstrated the potential for decentralization of C2 to improve mission performance in networked battlefields. However, it is unlikely that all future missions will be best executed with a decentralized C2 architecture. Theref...

Coherent bipolar electric field structures with negative unipolar potentials are widely observed in space plasmas. These often found to be ion Bernstein Greene Kruskal (BGK) modes or holes. Most theoretical models of holes assume them stationary respect the background plasma that follows either Maxwellian kappa-type distribution. In this paper, we present a new model where non-stationary, and e...

OBJECTIVE The optimal treatment modality for traumatic spondylolisthesis of the axis is still a controversial issue. Many conservative, posterior and anterior fixation techniques have been used to treat these injuries. The C2 pars (isthmus) was used as a novel screw anchor point in upper cervical spine injuries. The direct C2 pars screws are also used to fixate the posterior and anterior parts ...

An approach to the generation of future adaptive mission-oriented command and control architectures is presented that uses “command and control capabilities” concept both for missions and C2 systems. The concept is modeled and formulated so that both missions and C2 systems can be normatively described by it: on the one hand, missions require the military has specific C2 capabilities and on the...