Global navigation satellite system signals are known to be an efficient tool monitor the Earth ionosphere. We suggest Galileo E5 AltBOC phase and pseudorange observables—a single-frequency combination—to estimate ionospheric total electron content (TEC). performed a one-month campaign in September 2020 compare noise level for different TEC estimations based on dual-frequency data. Unlike GPS, G...

stress management is considered as an important factor in nowadays landscape. therefore this research was conducted using a factorial experiment based on a randomized completely design with regulated deficit irrigation at four levels (100, 75, 50, and 25% of lawn irrigation requirement) and three replicates to evaluate some biochemical and physiological traits on four groundcover plants (lolium...

This paper presents the overall evaluation of the Quantitative Evaluation Framework (QEF) approach which has been applied in an operational teaching environment for the last six years. During this period we have evaluated the difference between educational software systems that were developed using the Techno-Didactical Extension for Instruction/Learning Based on Computer (X-TEC) model and educ...

[1] The short-term relationship between equatorial ionosphere and geomagnetic activity is examined. Hourly averages of the total electron content (TEC) and critical frequency of the F2 layer (foF2) are compared with the Dst index, a proxy for equatorial geomagnetic activity, at three local times (0700–0800, 1200–1300, and 1600–1700 LT) from March 1998 to August 1999. Owing to the geomagnetic la...

Originally designed for applications over the ocean, satellite altimetry has been proven to be a useful tool for hydrologic studies. Altimeter products, mainly conceived for oceanographic studies, often fail to provide atmospheric corrections suitable for inland water studies. The focus of this paper is the analysis of the main issues related with the atmospheric corrections that need to be app...

An L band geosynchronous synthetic aperture radar (GEO SAR) differential interferometry system (D-InSAR) will be obviously impacted by the background ionosphere, which will give rise to relative image shifts and decorrelations of the SAR interferometry (InSAR) pair, and induce the interferometric phase screen errors in interferograms. However, the background ionosphere varies within the long in...

Elimination of the ionospheric contribution to atmospheric delays in GPS radio occultation measurements is a key issue in the retrieval of accurate pressure and temperature profiles above the tropopause. The traditional so-called “ionosphere-free” combination of the L1 and L2 phase paths, eliminating the first-order ionospheric effects, is not sufficient because of the nonnegligible bending of ...