OBJECTIVE To compare proportions of low birthweight babies and mean heights of schoolchildren between rural and urban areas at different levels of social deprivation. DESIGN Cross sectional population based study classifying cases by Townsend material deprivation index of enumeration district of residence and by rural areas, small towns, and large towns. SETTING Northumberland Health Distri...

Women have helped each other in childbirth from time immemorial; indeed, until relatively recently such attendance remained a female domain in which men very rarely played a part. Generally the midwife was the senior woman in the community, commonly a married woman or widow who had herself given birth. With the gradual development of towns and cities came the specialisation of occupations, incl...

The Great Lakes Geographer, Vol. 8, No. 1, 2001 1 The area selected for this research includes five western Indiana counties located in the lower Wabash Valley (Figure 1). American settlement began in that area in 1811, and a system of towns soon emerged in which merchants were actively engaged in the river trade to New Orleans. The profits from that trade were used in part to develop a complex...

The web site provides the possibility to download and examine the most recent documents produced by finalised and ongoing ESPON projects. This basic report exists only in an electronic version.

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We explore how slack time might drive the quantity and quality of creative projects. We model slack time as continguous blocks of low opportunity cost time. We model contiguous blocks of time as particularly useful for complex projects. The model predicts that more creative projects are produced during slack time because it is low opportunity cost time. The model also predicts that slack time g...

200 What distinguishes Iowa City, IA, from all the other towns in North America? Iowa City is a UNESCO City of Literature, the third in the world and the only one in North America. The University of Iowa is largely responsible for UNESCO’s recognition of Iowa City. Our highly acclaimed Writers’ Workshop was the first creative writing degree program in the country and continues to be the model f...