To elucidate the role of luminal nutrients and glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) in intestinal adaptation, rats were subjected to 70% midjejunoileal resection or ileal transection and were maintained with total parenteral nutrition (TPN) or oral feeding. TPN rats showed small bowel mucosal hyperplasia at 8 h through 7 days after resection, demonstrating that exogenous luminal nutrients are not es...

Background: The immaturity of glutathione metabolism is believed to explain the oxidative stress observed in premature neonates on total parenteral nutrition [TPN]. Animal studies report that peroxides contaminating TPN induce the low glutathione levels as a consequence of the inhibition of the generation of substrates for its synthesis. We hypothesize that older children receiving long-term TP...

BACKGROUND For intensive care unit (ICU) patients with gastrointestinal dysfunction and in need of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) support, the benefit of additional enteral feeding is not clear. This study aimed to investigate whether combined TPN with enteral feeding is associated with better outcomes in surgical intensive care unit (SICU) patients. METHODS Clinical data of 88 patients in ...

Antibodies were prepared against ferredoxin isolated from spinach. These antibodies and those against TPN-ferredoxin-reductase, carboxydismutase and coupling factor were used to clarify the localization of these proteins in the thylakoid membrane. Chloroplast preparations obtained by different methods show not the same immunological reactions. Only lamellar systems suspended in the leaf homogen...

Maintaining tumor-bearing rats on total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for eight days significantly reduced mass, protein, and DNA in small intestine and colon. Coinfusion of glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) significantly increased each of these variables in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, but not in the colon. Histological analysis of tissue revealed normal mucosa thickness and villus height in t...

The effect of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) on bile flow and composition and on hepatic bile acid transport maximum (Tm) and bile salt-independent bile flow (BSIF) was studied in the rat following seven days TPN containing 33% calories from Intralipid (IL) or Liposyn (LP) or 0% calories from lipid. All TPN regimes markedly reduced bile flow. In no case did TPN cause an increase in bile chole...

We wished to determine whether exogenous glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-2 infusion stimulates intestinal growth in parenterally fed immature pigs. Piglets (106-108 days gestation) were given parenteral nutrient infusion (TPN), TPN + human GLP-2 (25 nmol. kg(-1). day(-1)), or sow's milk enterally (ENT) for 6 days. Intestinal protein synthesis was then measured in vivo after a bolus dose of [1-(13)C...

BACKGROUND Enteral nutrition (EN) is now used more frequently than total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for nutritional support after resection for esophageal cancer. But consensus regarding which type of nutrition should be used does not exist. We studied the effect of TPN and EN on patients' nutritional status and immune function in the immediate postoperative period after esophageal cancer resec...

BACKGROUND This prospective study was designed to compare the safety, efficacy, cost, and impact on patient outcome of early total enteral nutrition (TEN) vs total parenteral nutrition (TPN) in acute pancreatitis. METHODS Patients admitted with acute pancreatitis or an acute flare of chronic pancreatitis, characterized by abdominal pain and elevated serum amylase and lipase, were randomized t...

HYPOTHESIS Intravenous total parenteral nutrition (TPN) induces intestinal polymorphonuclear neutrophil recruitment with increased intestinal intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression. While intercellular adhesion molecule-1 causes firm adhesion of leukocytes to the endothelial cells, P- and E-selectin mediate leukocyte recruitment via rolling. Therefore, manipulation of nutrition may also a...