the solanaceae plants produce a variety of interesting biologically active products including the steroid alkaloids solanidine, nicotine and tropane alkaloids. putrescine n-methyltransferase (pmt) is an enzyme that catalyses s-adenosylmethionine-dependent methylation of putrescine in one of the primary steps of nicotine and tropane alkaloids biosynthesis pathway. two tobacco members of the ap2/...

in the development of neuroinflammatory diseases, alterations of the blood brain barrier (bbb) represent key events. the integrity of the bbb is partially maintained by endothelia cells (ecs), since they actively limit the transmigration of immune cells. however, the factors that cause endothelial cells to develop an immune cell-permissive phenotype are poorly understood. in general, it has bee...

autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (alps) is a prototypic disorder of abnormal lymphocyte homeostasis. in the september 2005 issue of the iranian journal of allergy, asthma and immunology, a patient with clinical features consistent with alps was described. although the clinical presentation was in favor of alps, a precise diagnosis needed more laboratory evaluations.

Normal pregnancy is essential for human reproduction. However, BaP (benzo(a)pyrene) and its metabolite BPDE (benzo(a)pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide) could cause dysfunctions of trophoblast cells might further induce miscarriage. Yet, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Herein, we identified a novel upregulated lnc-HZ04 downregulated miR-hz04 in villous tissues unexplained rec...

Purpose: To investigate the protective effect of vitexin on smoke inhalation-induced acute lung injury (SI-ALI), and underlying mechanism action.Methods: The ALI rat model was established by inhalation in a closed chamber. Survival rate, arterial blood gas analysis, wet-to-dry weight ratio tissues, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid protein concentration, tissue histology, oxidative stress inflammati...

Purpose: Abnormal Sonic Hedgehog signaling Pathway (Shh) activation is crucial for development of cancer stem cells, neoplastic growth and epithelial-mesenchymal transition processes in adulthood. Activation pathway may induces the changes cilia found cell membrane, iniciates Gli1 transcription factor that translocated to nucleus finally, target genes are transcribed. In this study, invastigati...

Abstract Interactions between pattern-recognition receptors shape innate immune responses to pathogens. NOD1 and TLR4 are synergistically interacting playing a pivotal role in the recognition of Gram-negative bacteria. However, mechanisms their cooperation poorly understood. It is unclear whether synergy produced at level signaling pathways downstream or more distal levels such as gene transcri...