This article reviews the use of electrotherapy for pain relief. Authors present the basis of the successfull electrotherapy to treat many types of pain. In addition, the article described neurophysiological and neurochemical mechanisms by which non-pharmacological methods like: direct current stimulation (DCS), microcurrent electrical therapy (MET), transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (...

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this investigation was to critically evaluate the efficacy of electrical stimulation (ES) in treating persons with dysphagia and aspiration. STUDY DESIGN Nonconcurrent cohort study. METHODOLOGY The charts of 40 consecutive individuals undergoing ES and 40 consecutive persons undergoing traditional dysphagia therapy (TDT) were reviewed. Pre- and post-therapy treatmen...

[Purpose] This study aimed to clarify the immediate effects of a combined transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and stretching protocol. [Subjects] Fifteen healthy young males volunteered to participate in this study. The inclusion criterion was a straight leg raising range of motion of less than 70 degrees. [Methods] Subjects performed two protocols: 1) stretching (S group) of the medial...

OBJECTIVE To determine if transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation (TENS) is efficacious in the treatment of pain in neurologic disorders. METHODS We performed a systematic literature search of Medline and the Cochrane Library from inception to April 2009. RESULTS There are conflicting reports of TENS compared to sham TENS in the treatment of chronic low back pain, with 2 Class II studies ...

TENS is a method of electrical stimulation which primarily aims to provide a degree of symptomatic pain relief by exciting sensory nerves and thereby stimulating either the pain gate mechanism and/or the opioid system. The different methods of applying TENS relate to these different physiological mechanisms. The effectiveness of TENS varies with the clinical pain being treated, but research wou...

Transcutaneous afferent patterned stimulation (TAPS), also referred to as non-invasive peripheral nerve stimulation, at the wrist provides a promising option for management of essential tremor. This new wrist-worn neuromodulation method avoids risks surgical interventions and can be easily used home. TAPS therapy is indicated aid in temporary relief hand tremors following adults with No serious...

Electrical stimulation has been known since Galvani’s work with frogs in the 1780’s and is the most widely used method of stimulation in modern clinical medicine. Magnetic stimulation does however have certain advantages over electrical stimulation including its ability to stimulate nerves painlessly. It appears a natural progression to try a method of combined magnetic and electric stimulation...