In mammalian cells, newly synthesized mRNAs undergo a pioneer round of translation that is important for mRNA quality control. Following maturation of messenger ribonucleoprotein particles during and after the pioneer round, steady-state cycles of mRNA translation generate most of the cell's proteins. Translation factors, RNA-binding proteins, and targets of signaling pathways that are particul...

With extra-linguistic information, the quality of translation will be improved and the problem of translation mismatches can be solved. The difficulty lies, however, in that the sources of such information are unlimited and not always available. Our solution is to define translation rules as modular as possible and control application of rules with background conditions so that the best rule in...

This paper presents the results of the WMT12 shared tasks, which included a translation task, a task for machine translation evaluation metrics, and a task for run-time estimation of machine translation quality. We conducted a large-scale manual evaluation of 103 machine translation systems submitted by 34 teams. We used the ranking of these systems to measure how strongly automatic metrics cor...

Since accurate translation from mRNA to protein is critical to survival, cells have developed translational quality control systems. Bacterial ribosomes stalled on truncated mRNA are rescued by a system involving tmRNA and SmpB referred to as trans-translation. Here, we review current understanding of the mechanism of trans-translation. Based on results obtained by using directed hydroxyl radic...

We present a first attempt at predicting the quality of translations produced by human, professional translators. We examine datasets annotated for quality at sentenceand word-level for four language pairs and provide experiments with prediction models for these datasets. We compare the performance of such models against that of models built from machine translations, highlighting a number of c...

background: wolf motor function test (wmft) is used in the assessment of upper extremity motor function in stroke patients. this scale contains 15 items and assesses joint-segment movements and functional tasks. objectives: translation and assessment of internal consistency and reliability of the persian version of wmft in iranian stroke patients. materials and methods: after translation (based...