BACKGROUND HIV continues to be a threat in both developed and developing countries. Pakistan has entered concentrated epidemic from low epidemic stage. The prevalence of HIV is more in at risk population particularly intravenous drug users (IDUs). Studies are required to find out other risk factors contributing to spread of the disease in the general population in order to prevent the spread of...

In ATM-based communication networks, the transmission links that interconnect the network nodes do not necessarily operate at the same transmission speeds. If the speed of the incoming link in a node exceeds the speed of the outgoing link, a rate adaptation buffer must be provided in order to avoid frequent cell loss. This paper presents an analytical queueing analysis of a rate adaptation buff...

BACKGROUND The study of endemic dengue transmission is essential for proposing alternatives to impact its burden. The traditional paradigm establishes that transmission starts around cases, but there are few studies that determine the risk. METHODS To assess the association between the peridomestic dengue infection and the exposure to a dengue index case (IC), a cohort was carried out in two ...

We investigate analytically the coupling of a coplanar waveguide resonator to a coplanar waveguide feedline. Using a conformal mapping technique we obtain an expression for the characteristic mode impedances and coupling coefficients of an asymmetric multi-conductor transmission line. Leading order terms for the external quality factor and frequency shift are calculated. The obtained analytical...

In modern days power system are becoming highly unpredictable, so low voltages and blackout are becoming common scenario. The voltage limits are affected because the system is operated close to its stability limits. To improve the voltage profile new generating plants have to be developed, which are restricted due to economic an environmental limitations. To overcome these limitations and use t...

To maintain communication, neurons must recycle their synaptic vesicles with high efficiency. This process places a huge burden on the clathrin-mediated endocytic machinery, but the consequences of this are poorly understood. We found that the amount of clathrin in a presynaptic terminal is not fixed. During stimulation, clathrin moves out of synapses as a function of stimulus strength and neur...

This paper reports an outbreak of acute schistosomiasis among 38 tourists who rented a country house in the district of Igarapé, the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte, Brazil, during a holiday period in 2006. A total number of 32 individuals were positive for Schistosoma mansoni. Results of stool examinations revealed individual S. mansoni egg counts per gram of faeces (epg) ranging from 4-...

here, we propose an optical filter and an optical power splitter based on two-dimensionalphotonic crystal all circular ring resonators. these structures are made of a square lattice ofsilicon rods with the refractive index n1=3.464 surrounded by air (with refractive indexn2=1). first, we have designed the filter and by using that, we designed a power splitter. thetransmission efficiency and qua...