Introduction: This study was designed to investigate the effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) administration in rats for 6 weeks after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods: Adult male Wistar rats (n = 30) were injured with controlled cortical impact device and divided into four groups. The treatment groups (n = 10 each) were injected subcutaneously with recombinant human...

STUDY OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine the prevalence of traumatic brain injuries in children who vomit after minor blunt head trauma, particularly when the vomiting occurs without other findings suggestive of traumatic brain injury (ie, isolated vomiting). We also aimed to determine the relationship between the timing and degree of vomiting and traumatic brain injury prevalence. METHODS This ...

BACKGROUND Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) have been frequently used to explore changes in motor cortex excitability in stroke and traumatic brain injury, while the extent of motor cortex reorganization in patients with diffuse non-traumatic brain injury remains largely unknown. OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS It was hypothesized that the motor cortex excitability would be decreased and would co...

Current states of traumatic eye injury are reviewed in terms of epidemiology in the developing countries and developed countries, causes of the trauma, eye injury types, traumatic eye injury diagnostic methods and treatments. Trauma-caused vision-threatening conditions such as open global injury, traumatic optic neuropathy and proliferative vitreoretinopathy are particularly discussed. Also the...

BACKGROUND The goal of this study was to describe the hospital-based incidence of traumatic spinal cord injury in Tehran, Iran. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the hospital records of traumatic spinal cord injury patients, admitted between March 2010 and July 2011 in 61/68 hospitals of Tehran. RESULTS Overall, 138 cases of traumatic spinal cord injury were identified. The majority of pa...

The great majority of acute brain injury results from trauma or from disorders of the cerebrovasculature, i.e. ischaemic stroke or haemorrhage. These injuries are characterized by an initial insult that triggers a cascade of injurious cellular processes. The nature of these processes in spontaneous intracranial haemorrhage is poorly understood. Subarachnoid haemorrhage, a particularly deadly fo...

The purpose of this study is to analyze the experience traumatic events and symptoms post-traumatic stress in men involved amateur sports. participants were aged 20-30 years (n = 60), who have been engaged various types martial arts at level for 5 years, do not sports qualifications. Martial as a sport means combat without use weapons. This dangerous injury, characterized by injuries localizati...

traumatic false aneurysm of the thoracic aorta is not uncommon. but accordingly this case is unusual in its ten year delay between injury and presentation and treatment. a victim of the iran-iraq war is presented with a false aneurysm of the thoracic aorta ten years after a bullet injury to the chest and thoracic spine. penetrating chest wounds, mechanisms of injury and diagnosis are also discu...

Traumatic hemorrhagic shock (HS) is a severe outcome of traumatic injury that accounts for numerous traumatic deaths. In the process of traumatic HS, both hemorrhage and trauma can trigger a complex cascade of posttraumatic events that are related to inflammatory and immune responses, which may lead to multiple organ injury or even death. From a mechanistic perspective, systemic inflammation an...

BACKGROUND This article reviews literature regarding individuals with traumatic brain injury who have vision related impairments up to one year, post-injury. Such impairments may impact rehabilitation of activities of daily living and mobility since vision is integral in much of what one does on a daily basis. METHODS Search of Medline, Ovid, and PubMed was performed using terms including: tr...