shortage of fresh water resources is a major worldly concern. accessibility of water forirrigation purposes is also one of the most important concerns in arid and semiaridregions. this is why treated domestic wastewater is thought of as an important watersource. even following treatment, wastewater may contain a great many kinds ofmicroorganisms hazardous to humans and environment. therefore th...

In this study, the effectiveness of photocatalytic oxidation (PO) and wet oxidation (WO) processes as a pre-treatment step on improvement of biodegradability and colour removal of mixture of raw domestic and pre-treated industrial wastewaters, have been evaluated. More oxygen was obtained by H2O2 (as an oxidant in WO and PO processes) than stoichiometric demand. PO of the wastewater was carried...

Wastewater solids could be an attractive source of secondary raw cellulose, mainly originating from toilet paper. Cellulose can recovered through sieving wastewater, return sludge, or excess sludge. In particular, a large fraction cellulose (13–15%) found in the sludge aerobic granular produced by Nereda® wastewater technology. A extraction method was developed during this study, allowing recov...

Microbial fuel (MFCs) and electrolysis cells (MECs) can be used to recover energy directly as electricity or hydrogen from organic matter. Organic removal efficiencies and values of the different energy products were compared for MFCs and MECs fed winery or domestic wastewater. TCOD removal (%) and energy recoveries (kWh/kg-COD) were higher for MFCs than MECs with both wastewaters. At a cost of...

Deep wastewater reservoirs are used throughout Israel to store domestic wastewater effluents for summer irrigation. These effluents contain high concentrations of ammonia (</=5 mM) that are frequently toxic to photosynthetic microorganisms and that lead to development of anoxic conditions. Population dynamics of nitrifying bacteria and rates of nitrification were studied in two wastewater reser...

In this research, the formation and development of aerobic granular sludge (AGS) for domestic wastewater treatment application in hot climate conditions was studied using a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). The performance of the developed AGS in the removal of organic matter and nutrients from wastewater was also investigated. The operation of the reactor was based on the sequencing batch system...

Biosolids are solid, semi-solid, or liquid materials resulting from the treatment of domestic sewage sludge. The term “biosolids” was introduced by the wastewater treatment industry in the early 1990’s and has been adopted by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) to distinguish high quality, treated sewage sludge from raw sewage sludge and from sewage sludge containing la...

The gender empowerment of communities and individuals in Ein Qinia village / Ramallah on the acceptance of wastewater treatment projects and treated wastewater reuse was studied. The gender acceptance was determined through whether or not trained focused women groups in treated wastewater reuse could be increased in reusing the treated wastewater in agricultural activities. Women showed a high ...