In this article, a new numerical method based on triangular functions for solving  nonlinear stochastic differential equations is presented. For this, the stochastic operational matrix of triangular functions for It^{o} integral are determined. Computation of presented method is very simple and attractive. In addition, convergence analysis and numerical examples that illustrate accuracy and eff...

Using a rigorous and vector multipole method, we compute both losses and dispersion properties of microstructured optical fibers with finite cross sections. We restrict our study to triangular lattices of air-hole inclusions in a silica matrix, taking into account material dispersion. The fiber core is modeled by a missing inclusion. The influence of pitch, hole diameter, and number of hole rin...

A ring R is called right strong stably finite (r.ssf) if for all n ≥ 1, injective endomorphisms of R (n) R are essential. If R is an r.ssf ring and e is an idempotent of R such that eR is a retractable R-module, then eRe is an r.ssf ring. A direct product of rings is an r.ssf ring if and only if each factor is so. The R.ssf condition is investigated for formal triangular matrix rings. In partic...

Let T be a right exact functor from an abelian category ℬ into another $${\mathscr A}$$ . Then there exists p the product A} \times {\mathscr B}$$ to comma ( $$\left( {T \downarrow A}} \right)$$ ). In this paper, we study property of extension closure some classes objects in ), exactness and detailed description orthogonal given class $${\rm{P}}\left( {{\cal X},{\cal Y}} Moreover, characterize ...