I referred her to [2], where Theorem 3.6 asserts that K1(R) is R /Ẽ, where Ẽ is the group generated by (1 + xy)/(1 + yx) with x, y in R and 1 + xy in R and where the last sentence in §3 says that Ẽ is not [R, R] in the case when R = M2(Z/2Z) is the ring of 2 by 2 matrices over a field of two elements (Z is the ring of integers). Moreover, in this case the group K1(R) is trivial while R/[R , R] ...

in this note we introduce the notion of weak mccoy rings as a generalization of mccoy rings, and investigate their properties. also we show that, if is a semi-commutative ring, then is weak mccoy if and only if is weak mccoy.

Let R be a ring with identity 1. We say that R satisfies unit 1-stable range in case ax+b = 1 with a,x,b ∈ R implying that a+bu ∈ U(R). Many authors studied unit 1-stable range such as those of [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]. Following the authors, a ring R satisfies unit 1-stable range for an ideal I provided that ax+b = 1 with a∈ I, x,b ∈ R implying that x+ub ∈U(R) for some unit u∈U(R). Let R = Z/2Z⊕Z/3Z...

‎Let $mathcal A$ and $mathcal B$ be unital rings‎, ‎and $mathcal M$‎ ‎be an $(mathcal A‎, ‎mathcal B)$-bimodule‎, ‎which is faithful as a‎ ‎left $mathcal A$-module and also as a right $mathcal B$-module‎. ‎Let ${mathcal U}=mbox{rm Tri}(mathcal A‎, ‎mathcal M‎, ‎mathcal‎ ‎B)$ be the triangular ring and ${mathcal Z}({mathcal U})$ its‎ ‎center‎. ‎Assume that $f:{mathcal U}rightarrow{mathcal U}$ is...

Hara, Takemura and Yoshida [2] discussed toric ideals arising from two way subtable sum problems and showed that these toric ideals are generated by quadratic binomials if and only if the subtables are either diagonal or triangular. In the present paper, we show that if the subtables are either diagonal or triangular, then their toric ideals possess quadratic Gröbner bases. Fix positive integer...

Pairwise particle interactions arise in diverse physical systems ranging from insect swarms to self-assembly of nanoparticles. In the presence of long-range attraction and short-range repulsion, such systems can exhibit bound states. We use linear stability analysis of a ring equilibrium to classify the morphology of patterns in two dimensions. Conditions are identified that assure the well-pos...

In this paper a highly polarization maintaining birefringent photonic crystal fiber at telecommunication window is reported via Full-Vectorial Finite Element Method (FV-FEM). By taking triangular lattice of three ring hexagonal structure PCF with suitable designing parameters such as symmetrical elliptical hole along radial axis of ellipticity a/b=5μm, air hole diameter d=1μm and pitch Λ=2.3μm,...