this paper explores the capabilities of multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithmin a simulation-optimization model for solving waste load allocation problems. the main goals are totaltreatment costs, violation of the water quality standards and equity. in this research, the water qualitysimulation model is coupled with a multi-objective optimization model, mopso. in order to derive...

We enumerate all possible trades which involve up to six faces of the face set of a triangular embedding of a simple connected graph. These are classified by the underlying combinatorial trade on the associated block design, and by the geometrical arrangement of the faces necessary to avoid creation of a pseudosurface in the trading operation. The relationship of each of these trades to surface...

 Trade liberalization is often the core attention of foreign economic strategies in developing countries. Findings in the literature confirm a significant effect of free trade on developing economies through which the economic sectors benefit from technology transfer and spillovers and increasing production capacities and input productivity leading to international competitiveness. On the other...

We examine a standard, gravity model of international commerce, augmented to include political as well as institutional influences on bilateral trade. Using annual data from 1980-2001, we estimate regression coefficients and residual dependencies using a hierarchy of models in each year. Rather than gauge the generalizability of these patterns via traditional measures of statistical significanc...

DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) is a technique for evaluating the relative effectiveness of decision-making units (DMU) with multiple inputs and outputs data based on non-parametric modeling using mathematical programming (including linear programming, multi-parameter programming, stochastic programming, etc.). The classical DEA methods are developed to handle the information in the form of cri...

Among non-oil exports and in trade arena, drug has always been strategic importance and most government especially industrialized countries pay special attention to its production and trade issues. Thus, having a comprehensive view from economic perspective to this section is essential for suggesting intervention. This was a descriptive-analytical and panel study. In this study, gravity model i...

this paper analyses the impact of sanctions against iran in addition to other country-specific determinants on intra-industry trade between iran and shanghai cooperation organization (sco) countries over the period 1997-2013. by disentangling total intra-industry trade (iit) into horizontal and vertical iit and after investigating bilateral trade pattern between iran and sco countries, determin...

economic sanctions appear to be a common feature of political interactions between states. economic sanctions have become increasingly important as alternative to military conflict since the last decade of twentieth century. this paper provides, through a gravity model, an estimation of the impact of economic sanctions on bilateral trade flows between iran and its major trading partners during ...