Botulinum toxin (BoNT) has been used as a treatment for excessive muscle stiffness, spasticity, and dystonia. BoNT for approximately 40 years, and has recently been used to treat various types of neuropathic pain. The mechanism by which BoNT acts on neuropathic pain involves inhibiting the release of inflammatory mediators and peripheral neurotransmitters from sensory nerves. Recent journals ha...

A 56-year-old man presented with episodic intense facial pain. Trigeminal neuralgia was the presumed diagnosis. MRI revealed vascular compression of the root entry zone (REZ) of the trigeminal nerve (TN) (figure 1, A and B). A dural arteriovenous fistula was detected at the left side of the cerebellar tentorium on digital subtraction angiography (figure 2). A dysplastic venous aneurysm of the d...

Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a clinical condition characterized by paroxysmal attacks of severe and electric shock-like pain along the distribution of one or more branches of the trigeminal nerve. Various medicinal or surgical modalities have been employed in the past with variable success. Newer methods were tried in search of permanent cure or long-lasting pain relief. The purpose of this pap...

Eleven patients with intractable trigeminal neuralgia were treated by posterior fossa microvascular decompression. Complete pain relief was achieved in 7 patients (63.3%). Partial relief of symptoms was noted in 3 patients (27%). There was no operative mortality. Two patients developed transient lower cranial nerve palsies whereas one patient developed a CSF leak, requiring treatment by lumbar ...

Trigeminal neuralgia is a relatively common neuropathic pain which characterized by paroxysmal, sharp, shooting, shocking or piercing pain. The pain significantly affects the quality of life of patient. Various treatments extending from medical to neurosurgical procedures are available. Each treatment has its own advantages and disadvantages. The aim of this paper is to present various aspects ...

Paroxysmal trigeminal neuralgia still remains a difficult condition to treat. Carbamazepine (Tegretol) has been a first line treatment, failing this surgery becomes necessary. However, many surgical procedures result in permanent sensory loss. Peripheral cryotherapy, along with the recently described Jannetta (1976) and Hakanson (1981) techniques, attempt to preserve sensation. Cryotherapy to 5...

Objective – to summarize the various hypotheses regarding development of Trigeminal Neuralgia with a brief discussion about causes for its co-existence Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia, which has been seen infrequently. Summary background - Cranial nerve neuralgia is one most common pain syndromes attributed extreme (extremely) detrimental effects on middle age population who are more productive. The...

INTRODUCTION Intramedullary cavernous angioma (ICA) is a rare lesion of the spinal cord, representing only 3% - 5% of central nervous system lesions. The coexistence of trigeminal neuralgia and refractory itch is very rarely encountered in clinical practice. To our knowledge, a report of an ICA with trigeminal neuralgia and local neuropathic itch has never been published to date. Thus, we prese...

Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is an unpredictable complication of varicella zoster virus- (VZV-) induced herpes zoster (HZ) which often occurs in elderly and immunocompromised persons and which can induce psychosocial dysfunction and can negatively impact on quality of life. Preventive options for PHN include vaccination of high-risk persons against HZ, early use of antiviral agents, and robust ...

Schwannomas are benign encapsulated tumors arising from the sheaths of peripheral nerves. They present as slowly enlarging solitary lumps, which may cause neurological defects. Multiple schwannomas in non-neurofi bromatosis type 2 patients are extremely rare. We report a case of a 60-year-old female patient, without any family history of neurofibromatosis or schwannomatosis, presented with trig...