BACKGROUND Tuberculosis is the most frequent opportunistic infection and the leading cause of death among persons living with HIV in several low and middle-income countries. Mortality rates during tuberculosis treatment and death causes among HIV-1/TB co-infected patients may differ based on the immunosuppression severity, timing of diagnosis and prompt initiation of tuberculosis and antiretrov...

OBJECTIVE We aimed to measure the mortality rate and excess general mortality as well as identify groups at high risk for mortality among a cohort of tuberculosis patients treated in Chennai Corporation clinics in south India. METHODS In this retrospective cohort study we followed up 2674 patients (1800 males and 874 females) who were registered and treated under the DOTS strategy in Chennai ...

Tuberculosis is a disease with high level of incidence and mortality. Due to the problems associated current therapy, it necessary urgent develop new drugs for treatment. Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) recognized target action several drugs. The 3D structure Mycobacterium tuberculosis DHFR (MtDHFR) elucidates key amino acid residues responsible active site architecture formation structural basi...

Abstract In the first half of twentieth century, deaths from infectious disease, especially among very young, fell dramatically in American cities. However, as infant mortality and life expectancy rose, racial inequality urban disease grew. this paper, we show that fall rise reflected two countervailing processes. The dramatic decline waterborne diseases drastically reduced total rate both Blac...

BACKGROUND Despite effective anti-TB treatments, tuberculosis remains a serious threat to public health and is associated with high mortality. Old age and multiple co-morbidities are known risk factors for death. The association of clinical presentations with mortality in pulmonary tuberculosis patients remains an issue of controversy. METHODS This prospective observational study enrolled new...

BACKGROUND This study aims to evaluate the outcomes of adults hospitalized for tuberculosis in a higher-income region with low HIV prevalence. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted on all adults hospitalized for pulmonary and/or extrapulmonary tuberculosis in an acute-care hospital in Hong Kong during a two-year period. Microscopy and solid-medium culture were routinely performed...

BACKGROUND Early mortality for HIV-positive people starting antiretroviral therapy (ART) remains high in resource-limited settings, with tuberculosis the most important cause. Existing rapid diagnostic tests for tuberculosis lack sensitivity among HIV-positive people, and consequently, tuberculosis treatment is either delayed or started empirically (without bacteriological confirmation). We dev...

BACKGROUND Infections are risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE), especially if severe and acute. The role of chronic infections such as active tuberculosis is ill defined, although several case reports and small series have suggested an association between tuberculosis and VTE. METHODS Using data from the Premier Perspective database (27 659 947 admissions), we performed a multivariat...