BACKGROUND Studies have examined whether there is a relationship between drinking water turbidity and gastrointestinal (GI) illness indicators, and results have varied possibly due to differences in methods and study settings. OBJECTIVES As part of a water security improvement project we conducted a retrospective analysis of the relationship between drinking water turbidity and GI illness in ...

Standard postharvest unit operations that rely on copious water contact, such as fruit unloading and washing, approach the criteria for a true critical control point in fresh tomato production. Performance data for approved sanitizers that reflect commercial systems are needed to set standards for audit compliance. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of chlorine dioxide (ClO(2)) ...

For estimating suspended sediment concentration (SSC) in rivers, turbidity is generally a much better predictor than water discharge. Although it is now possible to collect continuous turbidity data even at remote sites, sediment sampling and load estimation are still conventionally based on discharge. With frequent calibration the relation of turbidity to SSC could be used to estimate suspende...

We investigated the efficacy of 1064nm Nd:YAG laser for the treatment of onychomycosis caused by dermatophytes. The study population consisted of 12 patients (6 male, 6 female ; average age 53.5 years), with onychomycosis confirmed by fungal culture and/or real-time PCR identification of the pathogen. The causative agent was identified as Trichophyton rubrum in 11 cases and a mixture of T. rubr...

Automated data collection is essential to effectively measure suspended sediment loads in storm events, particularly in small basins. Continuous turbidity measurements can be used, along with discharge, in an automated system that makes real-time sampling decisions to facilitate sedi­ ment load estimation. The Turbidity Threshold Sampling method distributes sample collection over the range of r...

Abstract Conventional methods for water and wastewater treatment are energy-intensive, notably at the stage of coagulation–flocculation, calling new strategies to predict pollutant reduction because amount energy consumed is related how much treated. Here we developed a model, named Bio-logic, inspired by ecosystems, where pollutants represent organisms, coagulants food, wider environmental con...

Most phytoplankton production occurs in the turbulently mixed surface layer of lakes and oceans. Environmental factors such as mixed layer depth and background turbidity substantially influence the availability of essential, production-limiting resources, i.e., light and nutrients. We tested the predictions of a dynamic model concerning the effects of water column mixing depth and background tu...

We investigated the relevance of prominent reduction in turbidity macroscopically (MIC) and formation of aberrant hyphal tips microscopically (minimum effective concentration; MEC) in measuring the in vitro activity of caspofungin against Aspergillus and Fusarium. Caspofungin generated low MICs and MECs against Aspergillus, but not for Fusarium. While MICs increased inconsistently when the incu...