Background: Antiepileptic drugs, such as sodium valproate (SV), are teratogenic as their usage by the pregnant mother has been associated with an increased risk of major congenital abnormalities in the fetus. In this study, the effects of voluntary exercise and prenatal exposure to SV on learning, memory, and anxiety in rats’ offspring are investigated.Methods: In the present study, 70 fe...

BACKGROUND Intermediate- to-high-risk prostate cancer can locally invade seminal vesicle (SV). It is recommended that anatomic proximal 1-cm to 2-cm SV be included in the clinical target volume (CTV) for definitive radiotherapy based on pathology studies. However, it remains unclear whether the pathology indicated SV extent is included into the CTV defined by current guidelines. The purpose of ...

As security threats are increasingly diversified, a critical problem in Wireless Sensor Network environments (WSNs) is detecting anomalies. WSNs affected by several limitations, such as limited energy, insufficient memory, weak computation power, and short communication range. Hence, it necessary to improve the detection accuracy convergence speed of intrusion environments. In this article, we ...

Artificially mediated linear (methylviologen) and cyclic (phenazine methosulfate) electron transport induced zeaxanthin-dependent and independent (constitutive) nonphotochemical quenching in osmotically shocked chloroplasts of pea (Pisum sativum L. cv Oregon). Nonphotochemical quenching was quantitated as Stern-Volmer quenching (SV(N)) calculated as (F(m)/F'(m))-1 where F(m) is the fluorescence...

BACKGROUND To analyze interfraction motion of seminal vesicles (SV), and its motion relative to rectal and bladder filling. METHODS AND MATERIALS SV and prostate were contoured on 771 daily computed tomography "on rails" scans from 24 prostate cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. Random and systematic errors for SV centroid displacement were measured relative to the prostate centroid. Mar...

OBJECTIVES There is a lack of information on sexual violence (SV) among men who have sex with men and transgendered individuals (MSM-T) in southern India. As SV has been associated with HIV vulnerability, this study examined health related behaviours and practices associated with SV among MSM-T. DESIGN Data were from cross-sectional surveys from four districts in Karnataka, India. METHODS M...

In this article we introduce and study the notions of ( , ) s v r  -lacunary strongly summable, ( , ) s v r  Cesàro strongly summable, ( , ) s v r  statistically convergent and ( , ) s v r  -lacunary statistically convergent sequence of fuzzy numbers. Consequently we construct the spaces   ( , ) F sv r L  ,   1 ( , ) F sv r   ,   ( , ) F sv r S  and   ( , ) F sv r S  respecti...

UNLABELLED Currently, Saphenous vein (SV) and internal thoracic artery (ITA) are still the most common graft materials in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) whereas SV graft have a lower long-term patency than ITA. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) phenotype conversion, proliferation and migration may play a key role in mechanism of vein graft restenosis. To explore differential gene exp...

Specific ventilation (SV) is the ratio of fresh gas entering a lung region divided by its end-expiratory volume. To quantify the vertical (gravitationally dependent) gradient of SV in eight healthy supine subjects, we implemented a novel proton magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method. Oxygen is used as a contrast agent, which in solution changes the longitudinal relaxation time (T1) in lung tis...