OBJECTIVES To determine the effect of the HIV epidemic on invasive cervical cancer in Kenya. METHODS Of the 3902 women who were diagnosed with reproductive tract malignancies at Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH) from 1989 to 1998, 85% had invasive cervical cancer. Age at presentation and severity of cervical cancer were studied for a 9-year period when national HIV prevalence went from 5% to 5...

BACKGROUND Cyproterone acetate combined with ethinyl estradiol (CPA/EE) provides a treatment option for women with acne, hirsutism or polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). CPA/EE may be prescribed as an oral contraceptive (OC), but is not licensed as such in the UK. The use of CPA/EE steadily increased after its introduction to the UK market in 1987, but there was a marked increase in its share of ...

AIMS To examine changes in marijuana use in a metropolitan region and a provincial/rural region in New Zealand between 1990 and 1998. METHODS Two random sample surveys of people aged 15 -45 years were carried out in Auckland and Bay of Plenty regions in 1990 and 1998, using a computer-assisted telephone interviewing system. RESULTS Use of marijuana in the last twelve months increased in the...

INTRODUCTION According to a WHO report, the world will face great changes in the epidemiology of diseases in next three decades. Infectious and communicable diseases will be replaced by mental disorders at an alarming rate (9), making psychiatric disorders the most common cause of disability and premature death. This study compares trends and changes in the mental health of the residents of Teh...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Sex differences in secular trends of stroke incidence are rarely reported. We aimed to explore sex differences in incidence and mortality of stroke in rural China from 1992 to 2012. METHODS In 1992, 14 920 residents were recruited to participate in the Tianjin Brain Study, a population-based study on stroke surveillance. Stroke events and all deaths were annually regist...

BACKGROUND In China, obesity is expected to increase rapidly in both urban and rural areas. However, there have been no comprehensive reports on secular trends in obesity prevalence among Chinese adults in urban Shanghai, which is the largest city in southern China. METHODS In 1998-2001 and again in 2007-2008, two independent population-based cross-sectional surveys were conducted in Shanghai...

OBJECTIVE Our aim was to investigate whether trends in quality of diabetes care differ between sexes in the Netherlands from 1998 till 2013. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In this prospective observational cohort study quality of care was measured using process and outcome measures in patients with type 2 diabetes in primary care. Trend and absolute differences between sexes were investigated fo...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Although the incidence of hip fracture during the past 50 years has increased, a break in this trend has been reported in the last decade. Whether this change is attributable to changes in bone mineral density (BMD) or whether it varies between urban and rural regions is unknown. METHODS We evaluated changes in annual hip fracture incidence in women aged > or = 50 years...

The objective of our study was to evaluate organized breast cancer screening implementation by measuring the association between screening program enrollment and late-stage disease. Our setting was a health plan using mailed mammography reminders to women ages > or = 40. We conducted yearly cross-sectional summaries of mammography experience and late-stage (regional or distant Surveillance Epid...