introduction: association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) in mu opioid receptor gene and drug addiction has been shown in various studies. here, we have evaluated the existence of polymorphisms in exon 3 of this gene in iranian population and investigated the possible association between these mutations and opioid addiction.  methods: 79 opioid-dependent subjects (55 males, 24 fe...

Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were used to examine the regulation of voltage-dependent calcium channels by mu- and kappa-opioid receptors in acutely isolated rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sensory neurons. Agonists selective for either mu- (Tyr-Pro-NMePhe-D-Pro-NH2, PLO17) or kappa-opioid receptors (dynorphin A, U69,593) inhibited high-threshold calcium currents in a reversible and naloxone...

3.1. Chapter 1. Critical overview of the use of isolated organs in opioid research 3.2. Chapter 2. Pharmacological characterisation of enkephalins, ?-endorphin and its fragments 3.3. Chapter 3. Development of potent analgesic enkephalin analogs such as (D-Met2,Pro5)-enkephalinamide 3.4. Chapter 4. Characterisation of structural principles for the receptor type-selectivity of enkephalin analogs ...

BACKGROUND Opioid analgesics are high-alert medications known to cause adverse drug events. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to determine the cause of opioid incidents requiring administration of naloxone, an opioid reversal agent. The specific objectives were to determine the number of opioid incidents and the proportion of incidents documented through occurrence reporting and to cha...

objectives: the relationship between suicidal attempt and opioid use disorder in patients with bipolar disorder (bd) is unknown. this study aimed at shedding some light on this issue. method:178 inpatients aged 18-65 with bd type i with or without opioid use disorders were face-to-face interviewed through the persian structured clinical interview for dsm-iv axis i disorders (scid-i), the global...

Morphine is the most widely used compound among narcotic analgesics and remains the gold standard when the effects of other analgetic drugs are compared. The most characteristic effect of morphine is the modulation of pain perception resulting in an increase in the threshold of noxious stimuli. Antinociception induced by morphine is mediated via opioid receptors, namely the μ-type opioid recept...

Opioid receptors have been shown to dimerize or oligomerize among themselves and each other, affecting their functional properties. This study used bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) between the mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptors to study opioid receptor aggregation in transfected human embryonic kidney 293 cells. Titration of receptor levels indicated that all three opioid rec...

Abstract Background Prediabetes is characterized by a hemoglobin A1c of 5.7–6.4% and fasting blood glucose 100–125 mg/dl. A high percentage prediabetes subjects develop type 2 diabetes mellitus in the next years. The effects opioid peptides their receptors, addition to immunological cytokines, on are not well understood. Therefore, molecular, physiological, clinical studies required link system...

This review is an attempt to highlight evidence that may implicate the endogenous opioid system in the pathogenesis of hypertension in humans. The evidence raised includes biochemical, physiological, pharmacological, and behavioral studies conducted in in vitro and in vivo systems, experimental models of hypertension, and humans with essential hypertension. While the compelling biochemical and ...