Abstract Based on field and experimental evidence, the average initial spacing (seed wavelength) of flow-transverse bedforms (ripples dunes) appears to lie between 80 130 grain diameters ( L = 80–130 D mm ). Starting with an 100 , subsequent bedform growth proceeds by amalgamation two successive bedforms, which results in a doubling each step. Geometric principles dictate that combined volume s...

Google dominates around 92% of the search market worldwide (as November 2022), with most its revenue derived from advertising. However, Google's hegemony over and resulting implications are not necessarily accidental, arbitrary or (un)intentional. This article revisits Brin Page's original paper, drawing on six their key innovations, concerns design choices ( counting citations backlinks, trust...