Mucus secretions typically protect exposed surfaces of the eyes and respiratory, gastrointestinal and female reproductive tracts from foreign entities, including pathogens and environmental ultrafine particles. We hypothesized that excess exposure to some foreign particles, however, may cause disruption of the mucus barrier. Many synthetic nanoparticles are likely to be mucoadhesive due to hydr...

Thermal treatments and thermo-mechanical processing routes were applied on a conventional structural steel (st37 steel: 0.12C-1.11Mn-0.16Si) for improvement of tensile properties and enhancement of work-hardening behavior. Full annealing resulted in a sheet with coarse ferrite grains and pearlite colonies arranged alternatively in distinct bands, which showed high ductility, low strength, and t...

The monotonic and cyclic deformation behavior of ultrafine-grained metastable austenitic steel AISI 304L, produced by severe plastic deformation, was investigated. Under monotonic loading, the martensitic phase transformation in the ultrafine-grained state is strongly favored. Under cyclic loading, the martensitic transformation behavior is similar to the coarse-grained condition, but the cycli...

The present study shows results of friction stir welded (FSW) samples after different plastic deformation routes. welds were made coarse-grained and ultrafine-grained commercially pure aluminium. As a method new hybrid process has been chosen, which resulted in obtaining with characteristics microstructure, also differed dependance the examined plane. Microstructure observations showed that, re...

The tandem differential mobility analyzer (TDMA) technique was applied to determine the hygroscopicity and volatility of atmospheric ultrafine particles in three sites of urban Gwangju, industrial Yeosu, and coastal Taean in South Korea. A database for the hygroscopicity and volatility of the known compositions and sizes of the laboratory-generated particles wasfirst constructed for comparison ...

The microstructure and composition evolution of FeCoNiCrMn high entropy alloy during extreme deformation with a strain rate 108–109 s−1 induced by cold spray technology was investigated. In the region experiencing extremely large deformation, ultrafine nanograins an average size smaller than 100 nm were formed due to occurrence dynamic recrystallization. Additionally, rapid redistribution segre...

Austenitic high manganese steels exhibit outstanding mechanical properties, such as energy absorption, owing to various deformation-mechanisms dislocation slip, twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) and transformation-induced (TRIP). Here, we show a novel thermomechanical treatment manufacture steel Fe–18Mn-0.3C (wt.-%) with excellent performance by combining these three deformation-mechanisms. Th...

Blending ultrafine-grained microstructure with other added reinforcement elements that can provide good strength-microstructural integrity is the primary metallurgical target for any developed composite to exhibit its maximum strength at reduced cost and energy in aerospace application. Such nano-reinforced aluminium alloy composites are processed through addition of nano alumina using powder m...

Atmospheric cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations are a key uncertainty in the assessment of the effect of anthropogenic aerosol on clouds and climate. The ability of new ultrafine particles to grow to become CCN varies throughout the atmosphere and must be understood in order to understand CCN formation. We have developed the Probability of Ultrafine particle Growth (PUG) model to ans...