A radiative transfer equation is used to model the diffuse multiple scattering of ultrasound in a medium containing discrete random scatterers. An assumption of uncorrelated phases allows one to write an equation of energy balance for the diffuse intensity. This ultrasonic radiative transfer equation contains single-scattering and propagation parameters that are calculated using the elastic wav...

Canopy characterization is a key factor to improve pesticide application methods in tree crops and vineyards. Development of quick, easy and efficient methods to determine the fundamental parameters used to characterize canopy structure is thus an important need. In this research the use of ultrasonic and LIDAR sensors have been compared with the traditional manual and destructive canopy measur...

in this study, the ultrasonic, photocatalytic and sonophotocatalytic degradation of organics in textile industrial effluent was studied using zno nano catalyst, zno nano catalyst was synthesized by using sol-gel method. the structure and morphology of the catalyst were investigated using scanning election microscopy (sem), electron dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (eds) and x-ray diffraction patte...

time-of-flight diffraction method (tofd) is an amplitude-independent sizing method which is based on the measurement of time-of-flight of defect tip diffracted waves. although tofd can measure through-wall length of defect accurately, this method is not capable of measuring horizontal defect size. in this paper, a new tofd method for evaluating horizontal planar defects is presented. the finite...

An experiment was conducted to compare the effects of ultrasonic and non-ultrasonic on glass lens using rotary ultrasonic machining (RUM) technology. The primary objective of this study is to analyze the experimental results of the grinding operations using Taguchi method. Feed rate and frequency are the main process parameters to be tested in this experiment. A three-level orthogonal array tab...

The absorption coefficient of a material can be determined by measuring the heating which occurs as a result of ultrasonic irradiation. When narrow focused beams are used to heat a sample, or when the available volume of a material is restricted to small dimensions, then the effect of heat conduction to surrounding unheated regions becomes significant, complicating the relation between measured...

Objective This paper presents an assessment of physical meanings of parameter and goodness of fit for homodyned K (HK) distribution modeling ultrasonic speckles from scatterer distributions with wide-varying spatial organizations. Methods A set of 3D scatterer phantoms based on gamma distributions is built to be implemented from the clustered to random to uniform scatterer distributions conti...

The overall performance of sandwiched ultrasonic transducers can be substantially degraded due to defects. Model-based diagnosis can be an attractive technique for monitoring the performance of sandwiched ultrasonic transducers. Using electromechanical models of the transducer, most parameters of the system can be determined based on measurements of electrical input quantities only. This contri...

Mandibular condyle plays an important role in the growth and reconstruction of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). We aimed to obtain orthotropic elastic parameters of the condyle using a continuous-wave ultrasonic technique and to observe the effects of condylar elastic parameters on stress distribution of the TMJ using finite element analysis (FEA). Using the ultrasonic technique, all nine ela...

Mice, similarly to some other rodent species, communicate with specialized sounds in the ultrasonic range called ultrasonic vocalizations (USV). Evaluation of this behavioral activity enables estimation of the social interactions in animal models of autistic spectrum disorders (ASD). Because transgenic mouse models are generated, in most cases, on the mixed 129SV/C57BL6 genetic background, we w...