The transmission of parasites takes place under exposure to a range of fluctuating environmental factors, one being the changing levels of solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Here, we investigated the effects of ecologically relevant levels of UVR on the transmission of the intertidal trematode Maritrema novaezealandensis from its first intermediate snail host (Zeacumantus subcarinatus) to its s...

An inbred-strain (C57BL/6) transgenic (Tyr-SV40E) mouse model of ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-induced metastatic cutaneous melanoma was produced without the use of chemical carcinogens and without resulting in other skin malignancies. Expression of this transgene occurs specifically in melanocytic-lineage cells. In untreated hemizygous mice of transgenic line 12 there are no skin melanomas, and ...

PUVA is a treatment that combines oral methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) with ultraviolet radiation A (UVA). It used for severe psoriasis and the early stages of T-cell lymphoma. X-rays are an effective skin cancers. Both treatments in higher doses to treat malignancies simultaneously increase risk keratinocyte cancer. The main objective this study was test whether few or X-ray could delay development (U...

The related zinc finger transcription factors Slug and Snail modulate epithelial mesenchymal transformation (EMT), the conversion of sessile epithelial cells into migratory fibroblast-like cells. EMT occurs during development, wound healing, and tumor progression. Growth factors, acting through mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades, regulate expression of Slug and Snail. Expression o...

PURPOSE It is believed that for a certain ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure, the biologic effect depends on the product of irradiance and exposure time (the reciprocity Bunsen-Roscoe law). The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity of the reciprocity law for UVR-induced cataract. METHODS Two experiments were conducted. In the first one, 100 Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed t...

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) has a significant impact on human skin and is the major environmental factor for skin cancer formation. It is also believed that 80% of the signs of skin aging are attributed to UVR. UVR induces inflammatory changes in the skin via the increase in oxidative stress, DNA damage vascular permeability, and fluctuation in a myriad of cytokines. Acutely, UVR causes skin in...

The incidence of cutaneous melanoma continues to increase in many parts of the world including the United States. The American Cancer Society predicts that there will be approximately 53,600 new cases of melanoma in the United States during 2002 and that there will be 7,400 deaths from melanoma during the same time period. Increased understanding of the underlying mechanisms and risk factors in...

An inbred-strain (C57BL/6) transgenic (Tyr-SV40E) mouse model of ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-induced metastatic cutaneous melanoma was produced without the use of chemical carcinogens and without resulting in other skin malignancies. Expression of this transgene occurs specifically in melanocytic-lineage cells. In untreated hemizygous mice of transgenic line 12 there are no skin melanomas, and ...

The brown macroalga Saccharina latissima (Linnaeus) C.E. Lane, C. Mayes, Druehl & G.W. Saunders (formerly Laminaria saccharina [L.] Lamouroux) was exposed to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) in the mW UV-A and mW UV-B range in the laboratory for up to 28 days. The release rates of volatile organohalogens, such as chloroform, bromoform, dibromomethane and methyl iodide, were determined. From these ra...

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is a naturally occurring stressor to most forms of life. The sole relevant source of this stressor is the sun. The earth’s stratospheric ozone layer reduces the amount of UVR that reaches the earth’s surface. The potential for depletion of this ozone layer due to human activities and the subsequent increase in UVR at the earth’s surface is a global environmental conc...