To date, the in vitro–in vivo correlation (IVIVC) of P-glycoprotein (P-gp)–mediated drug-drug interaction (DDI) at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in rats indicated that the cutoff value to significantly affect the brain penetration of digoxin was [I,unbound/Ki] of 1, where I,unbound is the unbound plasma concentration of P-gp inhibitors. On the basis of the IVIVC in rats, we speculated that clin...

Prediction of clinical efficacy, toxicity, and drug-drug interactions may be improved by accounting for the intracellular unbound drug concentration (C(unbound)) in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, subcellular drug distribution may aid in predicting efficacy, toxicity, and risk assessment. The present study was designed to quantify the intracellular C(unbound) and subcellular localization of dru...

To date, the in vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC) of P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-mediated drug-drug interaction (DDI) at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in rats indicated that the cutoff value to significantly affect the brain penetration of digoxin was [I,unbound/Ki] of 1, where I,unbound is the unbound plasma concentration of P-gp inhibitors. On the basis of the IVIVC in rats, we speculated that clin...

We report in this review on the electronic continuum states of semiconductor Quantum Wells and Quantum Dots and highlight the decisive part played by the virtual bound states in the optical properties of these structures. The two particles continuum states of Quantum Dots control the deco-herence of the excited electron – hole states. The part played by Auger scattering in Quantum Dots is also ...

Over the past twenty years, we have learned a great deal about the ways in which pervasive forces of transformation have enveloped the citizens and states of the former Soviet bloc. The analytic rubric of "postsocialism" has played a crucial role in this body of scholarship by enabling conversation and comparison among diverse studies spread across a massive region of the world. It is increasin...

We study the influence of humidity on the transport and magnetic properties of DNA within the quantum chemistry methods. Strong influence of water molecules on these properties, observed in this study, opens up opportunities for application of DNA in molecular electronics. Interaction of the nucleobases with water molecules leads to breaking of some of the pi bonds and appearance of unbound pi ...

PURPOSE Understanding of plasma protein binding will provide mechanistic insights into drug interactions or unusual pharmacokinetic properties. This study investigated RO4929097 binding in plasma and its implications for the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of this compound. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN RO4929097 binding to plasma proteins was determined using a validated equilibrium dialysis met...

Concentrations of unbound drug in the interstitial fluid of the brain are not rapidly measured in vivo. Therefore, measurement of total drug levels, i.e., the amount of drug per gram of brain, has been a common but unhelpful practice in drug discovery programs relating to central drug effects. This study was designed to evaluate in vitro techniques for faster estimation of unbound drug concentr...

An ultrafiltration method employing a Centrifree filter for determining the unbound fraction of estradiol was studied. Centrifugation was performed under conditions similar to those in vivo. Good correlation was recognized between this method and the equilibrium dialysis. This method was employed to determine the unbound fraction of estradiol in the serum and the peritoneal fluid of 26 infertil...

This article traces the emergence of Equity Unbound, originally founded as “equity-focused, open, connected, intercultural learning curriculum” (Equity n.d.) and designed with a critical curriculum approach. We outline how our design praxis centers on social justice activities purpose have continued to evolve respond, care, needs networks. then offer autoethnographic account from an...