Man In recent day’s occurrence of a global crisis in Environmental (Emission pollutants) and Health (Pandemic COVID-19) created recession all sectors. The innovations technology lead to heavy competition market forcing develop new variants especially the automobile sector. This creates more turbulence demand at production models, maintenance existing models that are obsolete while implementatio...

Independent metering systems (IMSs) have been applied and researched in mobile machinery due to their advantages of reduced throttling energy losses remarkable advances under negative load through decoupling actuator control. Although IMSs the control flexibility deal with workloads, performance is challenged by uncertain loads operations, limiting accuracy. In addition, if motion reference imp...