Interest on reserves allows the Federal Reserve to pursue an appropriate monetary policy even with a high level of excess reserves. However, a banking system flush with excess reserves can raise the risk of monetary policy getting behind the curve. In recent months, the level of total reserves held by depository institutions (DIs) in the United States has been consistently above $1 trillion. Of...

Operating reserves allow nonprofit organizations to smooth out imbalances between revenues and expenses, helping to maintain program output in the presence of fiscal shocks. We know surprisingly little about why nonprofits might save operating reserves and what factors explain variation between organizations’ savings behavior. Findings suggest that operating reserves are reduced in the presence...

The regulation of expression of X-box-binding protein-1 (XBP1), a transcriptional factor, involves an unconventional mRNA splicing that removes the 26 nucleotides intron. In contrast to the conventional splicing that exclusively takes place in the nucleus, determining the location of unconventional splicing still remains controversial. This study was designed to examine whether the unconvention...

In the process of implementing marine reserves, policy makers typically are occupied with (1) choosing the spatial configuration of areas to protect and (2) addressing the concerns of fishermen regarding the effects of proposed reserves on fishery yield. The spatial configuration is typically set by choosing the habitat, species, and ecosystems to protect, assuming that the associated species w...

Assessments of the conservation and fisheries effects of marine reserves typically focus on single reserves where sampling occurs over narrow spatiotemporal scales. A strategy for broadening the collection and interpretation of data is collaborative fisheries research (CFR). Here we report results of a CFR program formed in part to test whether reserves at the Santa Barbara Channel Islands, USA...

In modern conditions of high demand for oil reserves in the Russian Federation, most important region its production remains West Siberian and gas basin with target objects well studied developed Jurassic Cretaceous sediments. The degree depletion at traditional sites low exploration complex unconventional accumulations contribute to intensification prospecting activities Achimov, Bazhenov Tyum...

Abstract The world energy consumption is going to rise by nearly 50% in 2050 when compared 2010. With conventional and unconventional reserves depleting, demand for supply rising. feasibility the current efficiency of renewable sources may not be capable satisfying themselves. Increase production non-renewable source, i.e., fossil fuels help fulfill requirement future generations. Shale gas one...

As unconventional computation matures and non-standard programming frameworks are demonstrated, the need for formal verification will become more prevalent. This is so because “programming” in unconventional substrates is difficult. In this paper we show how conventional verification tools can be used to verify unconventional programs implementing a logical XOR gate.

Body reserves of numerous taxa follow seasonal rhythms that are a function of temporal patterns in food availability and life-history events; however, tests of the theory underlying the allocation of somatic reserves for long-lived organisms are rare, especially for free-ranging mammals. We evaluated the hypothesis that allocation of somatic reserves to survival (i.e., metabolic processes) and ...

Nigeria’s foreign exchange reserves, which was US$5.4 billion in 1999, rose to an overwhelming level of US$51.3 billion at end-2007 and further to US$53.0 billion in 2008, but owing to the crash in the international price of crude oil in 2008 and the aftermath of the global financial crisis, the reserve declined to US$42.4 billion in 2009. In trying to determine the optimum level, the paper ado...