The concepts of clientelism and patronage have been widely used in the analysis of political and social relations. In contemporary political science literature, both concepts have increasingly come to denote a particular strategy of gaining political support by individuals or parties through the distribution of individual or collective goods to prospective voters. 1 Although there is some degre...

The last two decades have witnessed the emergence and consolidation of an economic paradigm which emphasizes domestic deregulation and the removal of barriers to international trade and finance. If properly managed, such an approach can lead to perceptible gains in health status. Where markets are non-exclusionary, regulatory institutions strong and safety nets in place, globalization enhances ...

In an early 2020 interview, Bill Gates stated, “During a pandemic, vaccines and antivirals cannot simply be sold to the highest bidder. They should available affordable for people who are at heart of outbreak in greatest need. Not only is such distribution right thing do, but it's also strategy short-circuiting transmission preventing future pandemics.”1 Given rapid development vaccines, this r...

Key predictions of unequal competitor ideal free distribution models were tested using a continuous input situation. Ten individually identi®able cichlid ®sh competed for food items at either end of their tank. Their distribution ®tted the predictions of the equal competitor, continuous input ideal free model almost perfectly. However, examination of individual intakes revealed signi®cant varia...

in this paper, by applying three functional operators the previous results on the(poisson) variance of the external profile in digital search trees will be improved. we study the profile built over $n$ binary strings generated by a memoryless source with unequal probabilities of symbols and use a combinatorial approach for studying the poissonized variance, since the probability distribution of...