Some researchers have proposed that natural selection has given rise in humans to one or more adaptations for altruistically punishing on behalf of other individuals who have been treated unfairly, even when the punisher has no chance of benefiting via reciprocity or benefits to kin. However, empirical support for the altruistic punishment hypothesis depends on results from experiments that are...

Organizations are social systems that pursue their goals by coordinating people to engage in joint production. Organizations are characterized by division of labor and interdependent reward structures, which result in its members trying to accomplish their own, their group’s, and their organization’s goals while competing against other individuals, groups, and organizations. The intense interde...

TCP protocols have scarce performance when transmitting over wireless channels. In fact, wireless medium is characterized by multipath fading and high time variability which lead to a great amount of losses in the transmitted packets. In such environments many new problems arise, the most serious of which are the decrease of throughput performance and the unfairness due to the great difference ...

In airborne sensor networks (ASNs), the media access control (MAC) protocol faces a serious unfairness problem due to the traditional protection mechanism of air-to-air communications among aircraft. Actually, by using the binary exponential back-off algorithm at high traffic loads to minimize collisions among users, the latest successful node can always benefit from this kind of MAC to obtain ...

Whereas the established interconnection networks (ICTN) achieve low latency by operating in the linear region, i.e. oversizing the fabric, the recent strict cost and power constrains demand more efficient utilization of future networks. Increasing the utilization of lossless ICTNs may, however, lead to saturation and performance degradation owing to HOL-blocking. The current solution to HOL-blo...

 WiFi is a common communication interface for smart devices.  WiFi still has some perturbation such as: – Poor utilization of wireless channel. – Energy consumption during idle state. – Unfairness issue due to capture effect.

III. LINGERING PROBLEMS FROM FESTO AND JOHNSON & JOHNSTON...........................................................................................516 A. Effects of Festo and Johnson & Johnston on the Patent System ................................................................................516 B. Inequitable Outcomes and Unfairness to Patent Owners ............................................

As appeared in Computer Communications WW lodek Dobosiewicz Pawee l Gburzy nski y Vincent Maciejewski z present a model for measuring the fairness in LANs and MANs. Abstract Fairness of very high-speed networks became a focus of interest since the moment Distributed Queue Dual Bus (dqdb) gained popularity. Several papers exposed its unfairness; at the same time, many researchers argued that thi...

As local area wireless networks based on the IEEE 802.11 standard see increasing public deployment, it is important to ensure that access to the network by different users remains fair. While fairness issues in 802.11 networks have been studied before, this paper is the first to focus on TCP fairness in 802.11 networks in the presence of both mobile senders and receivers. In this paper, we eval...

This paper uses a probe-based sampling approach to study the behavioural properties of Web server scheduling strategies, such as Processor Sharing (PS) and Shortest Remaining Processing Time (SRPT). The approach is general purpose, in that it can be used to estimate the mean and variance of the job response time, for arbitrary arrival processes, scheduling policies, and service time distributio...