Abstract A graph G is $$\alpha $$ α -excellent if every vertex of contained in some maximum independent set . In this paper, we characterize bipartite graphs, unicyclic simplicial chordal block and show that generalized Petersen -excellent.

A total global dominator coloring of a graph is proper vertex with respect to which every in dominates color class, not containing and does dominate another class. The minimum number colors required such called the chromatic number, denoted by . In this paper, trees unicyclic graphs are explored.

Recently, a novel degree-based molecular structure descriptor, called Sombor index was introduced. Let G=(V(G),E(G)) be graph. Then, the of G is defined as SO(G)=?uv?E(G)dG2(u)+dG2(v). In this paper, we give some lemmas that can used to compare indices between two graphs. With these lemmas, determine graph with maximum SO among all cacti n vertices and k cut edges. Furthermore, unique p pendant...

Abstract Many chemical indices have been invented in theoretical chemistry, such as Wiener index, Merrifield-Simmons index, Hosoya index, spectral radius and Randić index, etc. The extremal trees and unicyclic graphs for these chemical indices are interested in existing literature. Let G be a molecular graph (called a cacti), which all of blocks of G are either edges or cycles. Denote G (n, r) ...

Let G be a simple graph on n vertices and JG denote the binomial edge ideal of in polynomial ring S=K[x1,…,xn,y1,…,yn]. In this article, we compute second graded Betti numbers JG, obtain minimal presentation it when is tree or unicyclic graph. We classify all graphs whose ideals are almost complete intersection, prove that they generated by d-sequence Rees algebra their Cohen-Macaulay. also an ...

Du, Zhou and Trinajstić [J. Math. Chem., 48, pp. 697–703, 2010] proved that in the set of n-vertex connected unicyclic graphs G with n ≥ 3, for –1 ≤ α < 0, the graph consisting of a triangle and n – 3 pendant vertices adjacent to the same vertex of this triangle is the unique graph with the minimum general sum-connectivity index. In this paper, using a graph transformation and several inequalit...

The Randić index of a graph G is defined as R(G) = ∑ u∼v (d(u)d(v))− 2 , where d(u) is the degree of vertex u, and the summation goes over all pairs of adjacent vertices u, v. A conjecture of R(G) for connected graph with n vertices is as follows: R(G)−D √2− n+1 2 and R(G) D 1 2 + √ 2−1 n−1 , where D is the diameter of G. In this paper, we prove that this conjecture is true for unicyclic graphs.

Let R be a commutative ring with non-zero identity. The cozero-divisor graph of R, denoted by Γ′(R), is a graph with vertices in W ∗(R), which is the set of all non-zero and non-unit elements of R, and two distinct vertices a and b in W ∗(R) are adjacent if and only if a / ∈ bR and b / ∈ aR. In this paper, we characterize all commutative rings whose cozero-divisor graphs are forest, star, doubl...