Gravitational waves are considered in thermal vacuum state. The amplitude and spectral energy density of gravitational waves are found enhanced in thermal vacuum state compared to its zero temperature counterpart. Therefore, the allowed amount of enhancement depends on the upper bound of WMAP-5 and WMAP-7 for the amplitude and spectral energy density of gravitational waves. The enhancement of ...

The particular outlook of some scholars about human is raised from principles of a particular cosmography that considers human as the unique creature of the universe with “personality” based upon wisdom and reason. This view has also relegated the other creatures to the level of “thing and tool” for human life. Meanwhile, the Islamic philosophy inspired by the Quran, not only considers that all...