BACKGROUND Social inequalities in health can be explained in part by the social patterning of leisure-time physical activity, such as non-participation in sports. This study is the first to explore whether absolute and relative educational inequalities in sporting inactivity among adults have changed in Germany since the early 2000s. METHODS Data from four cross-sectional national health surv...

This paper describes C oac H, an evolutionary simulator developed to investigate strategies for teams in a competitive environment, and discusses some of the issues surrounding the evolution of cooperation among team members. As its title suggests, C oac H is a simulator of sporting environments, as these possess the required motivations for such behaviour and have the potential to beneet the r...

doping is the use of drug for the purpose of improving performance in general and sports performance in particular. rejection or acceptance of the use of banned substances by athletes is determined by internal factors that are subjective and external or social. against this background, the present study examined social risk factors as determinants of intention (temptation) to use banned substan...

background: the high prevalence and potential side effects of anabolic-androgenic steroids (aas) misuse by athletes has made it a major public health concern. epidemiological studies on the abuse of such drugs are mandatory for developing effective preventive drug control programs in sports community. this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of aas abuse and their association with some ps...

The declaration of a special interest in sports medicine and particularly an interest in sports orthopaedics reveals a referral base which includes knee injury as the most common presentation. Over the next four journal issues, this series will examine the general pattern of acute injuries followed by the more specific topics of instability, patellar dislocation, patellar tendon lesions, menisc...

Injuries among children during sporting activities are common. This study is a one year study including children between five and fourteen years of age who sustained their injuries during sporting activities and were treated at Trondheim Regional and University Hospital. Sport accidents account for 27 per cent of all childhood accidents in this age group. Fifty-three per cent of the injured wer...