Abstract. This study evaluated the accuracy of seven upscaling methods in simulating daily latent heat flux (LE) from instantaneous values using observations 148 global sites under all sky conditions and at different times during day. Daily atmospheric transmissivity (τ) was used to represent conditions. The results showed that could accurately simulate LE values. mean median Nash–Sutcliffe eff...

We propose a new upscaling scheme for the passage from atomistic to continuum mechanical models for crystalline solids. It is based on a Taylor expansion of the deformation function and allows us to capture the microscopic properties and the discreteness effects of the underlying atomistic system up to an arbitrary order. The resulting continuum mechanical model involves higher order terms and ...

While there is ample agreement that the cognitive role of sleep is explained by sleep-dependent synaptic changes, consensus is yet to be established as to the nature of these changes. Some researchers believe that sleep promotes global synaptic downscaling, leading to a nonHebbian reset of synaptic weights that is putatively necessary for the acquisition of new memories during ensuing waking. O...

We present a new approach to the numerical upscaling for elliptic problems with rough diffusion coefficient at high contrast. It is based on the localizable orthogonal decomposition of H into the image and the kernel of some novel stable quasi-interpolation operators with local L–approximation properties, independent of the contrast. We identify a set of sufficient assumptions on these quasi-in...

In this paper, we study upscaling for two-phase flows in strongly heterogeneous porous media. Upscaling a hyperbolic convection equation is known to be very difficult due to the presence of nonlocal memory effects. Even for a linear hyperbolic equation with a shear velocity field, the upscaled equation involves a nonlocal history dependent diffusion term, which is not amenable to computation. B...

[1] We propose a methodology for upscaling biomass in a river using a combination of dimensional analysis and hydro-geomorphologic scaling laws. We first demonstrate the use of dimensional analysis for determining local scaling relationships between Nostoc biomass and hydrologic and geomorphic variables. We then combine these relationships with hydraulic geometry and streamflow scaling in order...

Reverse time migration produces an image by crosscorrelating the solution of the wave equation solved forward in time with the wave equation solved backwards in time. Solution of the wave equation can be computationally prohibitive for large subsurface regions. Therefore one typically combines a finite difference discretization of the wave equation with a parallel computing paradigm such as dom...

General Purpose (use of) Graphics Processing Units (GPGPU) is a promising technology for simulation upscaling; in particular for bottom–up modelling approaches seeking to translate micro-scale system processes to macro-scale properties. Many existing simulations of soil ecosystems do not recover the emergent system scale properties and this may be a consequence of “missing” information at finer...