Because the human body cannot synthesize urate oxidase by itself, reducing the level of uric acid requires long-term or even lifelong treatment. However, currently various uric acid-lowering drugs cause different degrees of damage to the human body and thus are not suitable for long-term treatment. A probiotic that can yield a large amount of urate oxidase and be transplanted into the intestine...

Gout, calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) deposition disease, and calcium hydroxyapatite deposition disease (HADD) are the three most common crystal-induced arthropathies. Multimodality imaging may help in their diagnosis, and is useful for a precise and comprehensive assessment and grading of the related osteoarticular damage. Plain film radiography, due to its low cost and wide availabilit...

Gout arthritis is a progressive disease due to the deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in joints, kidneys, and other connective tissues as result chronic hyperuricemia. The purpose this study was compare uric acid levels men women aged 45-60 years.The type research used observational analytic with quantitative approach method Enzymatic Colorimetric (Uricase). This uses aid spectrophot...

The end product of human purine metabolism is urate, which is produced primarily in the liver and excreted by the kidney through a well-defined basolateral blood-to-cell uptake step. However, the apical cell-to-urine efflux mechanism is as yet unidentified. Here, we show that the renal apical organic anion efflux transporter human multidrug resistance protein 4 (MRP4), but not apical MRP2, medi...

Human glucose transporter 9 (hSLC2A9) is critical in human urate homeostasis, for which very small deviations can lead to chronic or acute metabolic disorders. Human SLC2A9 is unique in that it transports hexoses as well as the organic anion, urate. This ability is in contrast to other homologous sugar transporters such as glucose transporters 1 and 5 (SLC2A1 &SLC2A5) and the xylose transporter...

1. A serial study of renal clearance of urate and inulin was made in thirteen normal women in early, mid and late pregnancy and 6-15 weeks after delivery. 2. The mean serum urate concentration was low in early and mid pregnancy but rose in late pregnancy towards the control value. 3. Clearances of urate and inulin were consistently elevated throughout pregnancy to about 150% of the post-partum ...

The SLC2A9 gene, that encodes a renal uric acid reuptake transporter, has genetic variants that explain ∼3% of variance in urate levels. There are previous reports of non-additive interaction between SLC2A9 genotype and environmental factors which influence urate control. Therefore, our aim was to further investigate the general phenomenon that such non-additive interactions contribute to genot...

The relationship between serum urate, menopause, and aging has not been clearly defined by scientific evidence. In the present issue of Arthritis Research and Therapy, Hak and Choi present a cross-sectional analysis to clarify the effect of menopause and hormone replacement therapy on serum urate in women within the Third National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey. Menopause increased s...

BACKGROUND Hyperuricemia cases (HU) can be classified into four subgroups by combining the two main causes of hyperuricemia, i.e. urate underexcretion and overproduction. These subgroups are as follows: underexcretion-type cases (UE); overproduction-type cases (OP); combined-type cases, and normal-type cases. Since urinary urate excretion (Uua) and urate clearance differ significantly between U...

Preeclampsia (pregnancy-induced hypertension) is a disorder specific to pregnancy and the pathological changes it causes regress after delivery. Reversible hyperuricaemia is the most characteristic biochemical feature of preeclampsia, first noted nearly 60 years ago by Slemons and Bogert (1917). More recently, Chesley and Williams have shown that the high plasma urate is the result of renal tub...