Cities are in trouble. The movement of people, jobs, and businesses away from once vibrant, bustling places has resulted in crime-ridden, economically depressed cities that struggle to keep their inhabitants fed, employed, and educated. Those living in the city are mostly poor minorities who have no choice but to live in what economists call “no zones” – places where there is no formal economy ...

The challenges faced in urban science education are deeply rooted in the ongoing struggle for racial, class and gender equity. Part of this struggle is tied to huge differences in class and involves making more equitable the distribution of resources. Another part of this struggle is tied to the rich diversity of children who attend urban schools and involves generating new ways of understandin...

Teachers' attitudes towards sexuality education are among the important predictors of their willingness to teach sexuality education programmes in schools. While there is a plethora of studies on teachers' attitudes towards sexuality in developed countries, there is a paucity of such studies in sub-Saharan Africa in general and Tanzania in particular.  This study examined teachers' attitudes to...

The data of the Population Labour Force and Migration (PLM) Survey of 1979-1980 was analyzed in order to study spacing between births as well as differentials in urban and rural areas, differentials by age at marriage, urbanization, education, work pattern, and contraceptive use. The median intervals from PLM Survey of 1979-80 and Pakistan Fertility Survey (PFS) of 1975 birth histories were co...

INTRODUCTION Rural-urban inequalities in China have been widening over the past few decades. Compared to their urban counterparts, rural residents may encounter various barriers to equal opportunities to effectively engage in physical activity. This study examines the rural-urban disparity in physical activity, proximity and satisfaction with local exercise facilities. METHODS An in-person su...

Maldistribution of health professionals between urban and rural areas has been a serious problem in China. Urban hospitals attract most of the health professionals with serious shortages in rural areas. To address this issue, a number of policies have been implemented by the government, such as free medical education in exchange for obligatory rural service.

Using a three-part theoretical framework, the cultural relevance cycle-which consists of (a) knowing community dynamics, (b) knowing how community dynamics influence educational processes, and (c) implementing strategies that reflect cultural knowledge of the community--we examined teachers' and students' perspectives on culturally relevant physical education in urban settings. We observed and ...

As robots become increasingly prevalent in our society, it becomes increasingly important to endow them with natural language capabilities. Natural language capabilities are especially important for robots designed to operate in domains such as eldercare robotics, education robotics, space robotics, and urban search-and-rescue robotics. In eldercare robotics and education robotics, it may simpl...

Our work assessed the influence of an urban environmental education program on children's attitudes toward outdoor play, as well as knowledge of neighborhood features that can facilitate this type of activity. The project team engaged 6 schools near the newest Urban Ecology Center location in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA, through a community-academic partnership entitled More Than a Pretty Place. ...

Our understanding of settlement conditions and the nature of poverty across urban slums is limited. Using three simple frameworks, we create a meso-level portrait of poverty and living conditions in the slums of Dakar, Senegal and Nairobi, Kenya. While slum residents in both cities share the challenge of monetary poverty, their experience diverges significantly relative to employment levels, ed...