INTRODUCTION Evidence has accumulated that exposure to ambient air pollution during pregnancy may influence preterm birth (PTB) in urban settings. Conversely, this relation has barely been investigated in rural areas where individual characteristics (demographic, socioeconomic, and psychosocial factors) and environmental co-exposures may differ. OBJECTIVE We examined the association between p...

introduction: inequalities in urban environment are a significant concern. socioeconomic level plays an important role in these inequalities. inequality in environmental hazards is recognized as potential determinants of health disparities. materials & methods: in this study, we used individual and cumulative environmental hazard inequality indices to compare the inequality among 379 neighborho...

Air pollution is responsible for many health problems in the urban areas. Of late, the air pollution status in Delhi has undergone many changes in terms of the levels of pollutants and the control measures taken to reduce them. This paper provides an evidence-based insight into the status of air pollution in Delhi and its effects on health and control measures instituted. The urban air database...

Urban atmospheres contain complex mixtures of air pollutants including mutagenic and carcinogenic substances such as benzene, diesel soot, heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. In the frame of a European network for the assessment of air quality by the use of bioindicator plants, the Tradescantia micronucleus (Trad-MCN) test was applied to examine the genotoxicity of urban air poll...

Cities interact with the atmosphere over a wide range of scales from the large-scale processes, which have a direct impact on global climate change, to smaller scales, ranging from the conurbation itself to individual buildings. The review presented in this paper analyzes some of the ways in which cities influence atmospheric thermodynamics and airborne pollutant transport. We present the main ...

This paper employs the discrete choice experiment method to estimate the benefits of improved wastewater treatment programs to mitigate the impacts of water pollution in Nairobi, Kenya. Urban and peri-urban farmers who use wastewater for irrigation from Motoine to Ngong River in Nairobi were randomly selected for the study. A random parameter logit model was used to estimate the individual leve...

The association between ambient air pollution exposure and hospitalization for cardiovascular events has been reported in several studies with conflicting results. A case-crossover design was used to investigate the effects of air pollution in 660 first-time myocardial infarction cases in Stockholm in 1993-1994, interviewed shortly after diagnosis using a standard protocol. Air pollution data c...

In response to the facts that some Asian developing countries were experiencing the fastest rate of industrialisation and urbanisation, several international initiatives called for a better and ‘sustainable’ urban management. Development of management tools including strategic environmental assessment (SEA), life cycle assessment (LCA), cost benefit analysis (CBA), and environmental managemen...

Most current pollution management in cities is based on treating pollution at the end-of-the pipe, after pollution is generated. This paradigm worked well for treating municipal sewage and industrial effluents – point sources of pollutants. Pollution from these sources has been greatly reduced since passage of the Clean Water Act in 1972. However, the remaining pollution problem in post-industr...

Particulate matter (PM) is one of the most harmful pollution components widely present in the environment. It has been demonstrated that magnetic measurement is an important means in PM pollution study through plant leaves. Plants species are found as effective biomonitors and may act as natural filters by trapping and retaining PM on their surfaces. In the present study, Ficus bengalensis tree...