Current microbial source tracking (MST) methods for water depend on testing for fecal indicator bacterial counts or specific marker gene sequences to identify fecal contamination where potential human pathogenic bacteria could be present. In this study, we applied 454 high-throughput pyrosequencing to identify bacterial pathogen DNA sequences, including those not traditionally monitored by MST ...

i-Tree Streets/Design and Eco estimate annual rainfall interception by urban forest based on different physics-based water balance models. Streets/Design is based on Xiao et al. (1998), while Eco is based on Wang et al. (2008) and improved by Hirabayashi (2013). In Xiao et al. (1998), annual rainfall interception percentage against the gross precipitation in Sacramento County, CA was estimated ...

While studies have documented the presence of pyrethroid insecticides at acutely toxic concentrations in sediments, little quantitative data on sources exist. Urban runoff, municipal wastewater treatment plants and agricultural drains in California’s Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta were sampled to understand their importance as contributors of these pesticides to surface waters. Nearly all r...

The concept of low impact development LID is to apply decentralized on-site runoff source control to preserve the watershed hydrologic and ecological functions. An integrated layout using bioretention and vegetated landscape can decrease the developed runoff volume and peak flow. One of the key factors in urban hydrology is the imperviousness in the watershed. The conventional approach is to we...

The rational method is derived as a special case of kinematic wave flow. The definition of runoff coefficient is expanded from the flow-based ratio into volume-based ratio between the volumes under runoff hydrograph and rainfall hyetograph. The new method presented in this paper provides a dimensionless approach to theoretically derive the runoff coefficients for both the conventional two-flow ...

-Land surface classification and impervious surface cover derived from Landsat TM imagery is coupled with an urban growth model to predict future changes in surface runoff resulting from urbanization. An illustration is presented for a medium-sized watershed

Stormwater biofilters (also called rain gardens, bioretention systems, and bioswales) are used to manage stormwater runoff in urbanized environments. Some benefits of biofilters include flood prevention, stormwater runoff water quality improvement, and wildlife habitat. This technology has been implemented on a larger scale in southeast Australia, but cities and counties in southern California ...

The transport of anthropogenic constituents by runoff from urban roadways can adversely impact the quality of adjacent receiving waters and soils. Metal elements are the most persistent constituents found in pavement runoff. A section of urban highway pavement in Cincinnati, Ohio, USA with an average daily traffic count of 150 000 vehicles was instrumented to sample lateral sheet flow from the ...

Urban stormwater quality modelling plays a central role in evaluation of the quality of the receiving water body. However, the complexity of the physical processes that must be simulated and the limited amount of data available for calibration may lead to high uncertainty in the model results. This study was conducted to assess modelling uncertainty associated with catchment surface pollution e...

A distributed hydrologic modeling and GIS approach is applied for the assessment of land use impact in the Steinsel sub-basin, Alzette, Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg. The assessment focuses on the runoff contributions from different land use classes and the potential impact of land use changes on runoff generation. The results show that the direct runoff from urban areas is dominant for a flood eve...