BACKGROUND In cases of dehydration exceeding a 2% loss of body weight, athletic performance can be significantly compromised. Carbohydrate and/or electrolyte containing beverages have been effective for rehydration and recovery of performance, yet amino acid containing beverages remain unexamined. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to compare the rehydration capabilities of an electrolyte-...

The goal of this meta-analysis is to provide evidence based information about proper dosing for buprenorphine maintenance treatment to improve treatment outcome. To be selected for the review and inclusion in the meta-analysis, articles had to be randomized, controlled, or double-blind clinical trials, with buprenorphine as the study drug; the length of buprenorphine maintenance treatment had t...

We describe a sensitive and precise high-pressure liquid-chromatographic method for measurement of total 5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin, a metabolite of phenytoin, in urine. An aliquot of urine, containing 5-(4-methylphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin as an internal standard, is processed and chromatographed. The metabolite and internal standard are identified from their retention times and quant...

Urinary retention after postpartum can be defined as “inability of the patient to pass urine six hours postpartum. Objective: To determine role catheterization in patients with urinary retention. Methods: It was multicenter study. Patients from five different hospitals were included Duration study one and half years. suffering overt who refused self intermittent Results: Total 68 teaching hospi...

Opioids is the key analgesics in general anesthesia practice for their stronge and reliable pain release effect. At same time, adverse effects of opioids such as respiratory depression, cough muscle rigidity after quick intravenous injection, PONV, pruritus, urine retention are also apparent, which deserve attention clinicians.

Opioids is the key analgesics in general anesthesia practice for their stronge and reliable pain release effect. At same time, adverse effects of opioids such as respiratory depression, cough muscle rigidity after quick intravenous injection, PONV, pruritus, urine retention are also apparent, which deserve attention clinicians.

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? Chronic urinary retention (CUR) is a poorly defined entity, as the key element of definition, significant postvoid residual urine volume (PVR), has not a worldwide and moreover evidenced-based definition. There is no agreement on which is the threshold value to define a significant PVR and different society produced guidelines with diffe...