AIM To study the technique and utility of virtual bronchoscopy (virtual reality endobronchial simulation, VRES) as a tool to evaluate post-tracheostomy tracheal stenoses and to correlate the findings of virtual and invasive bronchoscopy and to follow-up treated lesions or those currently under treatment that were initially diagnosed with VRES. METHODOLOGY This prospective study comprised nine...

Congenital alveolar synechiae is a rare anomaly mostly presenting in association with cleft palate. Owing to reduced mouth opening, feeding difficulties, and compromised airway in extreme cases along with presentation in early neonatal period, these patients present unique challenges to the surgeon as well as the anesthetist. Here, we discuss the surgical and anesthetic management of this entit...

Figure 1. Melanonychia of the small finger of the left hand with biopsy site from trephination. Biopsy was inconclusive , and more invasive biopsy was warranted. Figure 2. Complete nail plate removal for biopsy with insertion of sterile silicone sheeting in nail fold to prevent synechiae.

We report a case of recurrent iris synechiae one year after Nd:YAG laser goniopuncture for deep sclerectomy enhancement in the only functional eye of a patient with end-stage glaucoma. The possible pathophysiology of this uncommon complication and laser treatment aspects are discussed.

PURPOSE To report a case of a young patient with retinitis pigmentosa (RP), essential iris atrophy, and glaucoma. CASE REPORT This report presents a case of a 22-year-old female patient with unilateral glaucoma, increased intraocular pressure, increased cup-disc ratio, iris atrophy, peripheral anterior synechiae, and bilateral RP. DISCUSSION The patient presented glaucoma due to the iridoco...

We interpreted the clinical data from 16 eyes with a 3M multifocal implant and compared them with data from 16 monofocal implants with the same follow-up period. The multifocal implant has several disadvantages: a lower initial visual acuity, a higher frequency of posterior synechiae, and slightly more difficult ophthalmoscopy than with conventional lenses. The great advantage of the multifocal...

uterine leiomyomas/fibroids are the most common pelvic tumors of the female genital tract. the initiators remaining unknown, estrogens and progesterone are considered as promoters of fibroid growth. fibroids are monoclonal tumors showing 40-50% karyo-typically detectable chromosomal abnormalities. cytogenetic aberrations involving chromosomes 6, 7, 12 and 14 constitute the major chromosome abno...